Hearted Youtube comments on Mathologer (@Mathologer) channel.
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24:30 For a while, I struggled with figuring out, why the ”>”-sign can’t become a ”<”-sign, straight away, as the quadrilateral becomes flat. But, I’ve finally got it: The transition between 3D and 2D is continuous; and, as such, the difference (Aa+Bb)-Cc must either stay positive (corresponding to the ”Strictly greater, than” -case), or, on its way to negative (corresponding to ”Aa+Bb < Cc”), it must pass through 0 (Aa+Bb = Cc), as you indicated, in your video on the ”Turning the wobbly table” -theorem (in a slightly different context). But; because, in a continuous transition, there is only 1 instant, where the quadrilateral is flat (and, therefore, the ”strictly greater than” -inequality doesn’t necessarily hold), the difference is always either positive or 0; and therefore, for all quadrilaterals, Aa+Bb >/= Cc. Very satisfying, I must say. 😌
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Big fan of Heron's formula here, so I may go on a bit. Here in the US, New York State, under the "Regents" math curriculum, in the late 1960's, we did learn Heron's formula. We were not required to memorize the derivation, but it was in the textbook. Decades later, I decided to test my algebraic chops, and try to derive it with the only clue I remember from the book, that it relied on factoring the difference of two squares. If you drop an altitude on one of the sides, you can solve for the altitude and one of the unknown segments on the base simultaneously, using the Pythagorean Theorem. Mathologer takes a shortcut by using the law of cosines, but my method is how you get the law of cosines as well (and you can get rid of the fraction in the Mathologer's version with some convenient cancellations). But once I was there, and I got the formula knowing what I was looking for, I thought of four justifications for "discovering" Heron's formula instead of calling it a day having a formula for the area in terms of the sides: 1) it lacks symmetry. There is nothing special about any side, other than that you chose one to drop an altitude on; 2) it's pretty nasty to calculate from. Many of us have probably calculated nastier ones, but we can do better; 3) it is badly scaled. You end up raising numbers to the fourth power, which usually results in something large, then subtracting them, leading to truncation or round-off errors if you don't keep a lot of decimal places (I realize Heron wasn't thinking about floating point calculations. Heck, he didn't even have a decimal system) 4) it's not obvious from the original formula, at least to me, that your area isn't going to turn out to be the square root of a negative number.
If you expand the trinomial and collect terms, you do get something symmetrical, but all the other objections remain. That might tell you that, since expanding didn't work out very well, maybe the opposite--factoring--is the solution. In addition to factoring the difference of two squares, twice, at one point you have to collect some terms and recognize it as the square of a binomial. It's all quite pretty. But it's 100%, algebra, none of the geometric insight of this video.
With the final formula, in addition to being much prettier and easier to calculate from (if the need arises which, truthfully, it rarely does) you can see at once that for a legitimate triangle, no one side being longer than the sum of the other two (or equivalently, no side being longer than the semi-perimeter) you'll never get a negative number and moreover, if a "triangle"s one side is exactly equal to the sum of the other two it has zero area, as expected.
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Loved this Video! Always wondered whether there was any research on the addition of odd numbers to get squares. I knew how to get the cubes, but was pleasantly surprised to know that the pattern continues! Made my day, (the week actually). Loved the fact that some of the approaches in the video share a big similarity to the ones in your power sum video, grids and various others (And pascal's triangle!). Also, how you can use geometry to not only visualize, but also solve what is, essentially, a number theory and algebra problem. Gently makes you appreciate how interconnected everything in mathematics is. I hope you can keep making these videos, and that they reach an even larger audience, so everyone can fully enjoy and learn advanced mathematics.
PS : Is your geometric proof the first one?
PPS : I think, the output sequence might be n!*(n-1)! ? if a =1 and b, c, ... =2?, Since then each term would become n + 2(n(n-1)/2) = n^2.
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