Hearted Youtube comments on Mathologer (@Mathologer) channel.
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What makes Quadratic Reciprocity so special, and in particular, why was it so important to Gauss? Why is squaring integers so important in Number Theory? To understand the answers to these questions, you need to appreciate the work Gauss did in the theory of quadratic forms and their application to differential geometry. Gauss's "fundamental theorem" of differential geometry is about how the 2nd order partial derivates of a function that defines a "surface", e.g. `f(x,y)=height`, depends on a specified quadratic form called the "metric tensor" of the surface (and its first derivates), which gives a rule for how to measure distances "on the surface". This shows a profound and deep insight into the nature of the relationship between a large number of otherwise seemingly unrelated abstract concepts.
Squaring numbers plays a fundamental role in both Number Theory and Geometry. After watching this video twice, going on a few wild goose chases, and not being able to stop thinking about it: I finally think I understand why Gauss placed such a high degree of importance on this particular theorem, and feel like I have a lot of reading to do now!
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