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  18. Great discussion of the voltage and amperage issues. You didn't mention the difference between operating voltage and open-circuit voltage, so lets be sure that people understand that. Open-circuit voltage is the voltage the panel(s) generate when there is no current being drawn. The total open circuit voltage in series must be lower than the maximum voltage accepted by the inverter. So if you have three panels in series, you take Voc * 3 and make sure that number is less than the maximum voltage the ecoflow can handle. Also note that even in shade, a solar panel will generally be producing its open circuit voltage when open circuited (no current). Operating voltage is the voltage the panel(s) generate when operating at their maximum power point. It also tends to be roughly the voltage the panels operate at when partially shaded (just with less current). You want the total operating voltage in series to be within the MPPT range of the EcoFlow. And its actually a bit more complicated because you also want the inverter to be able to handle a partially shaded string, so really you also want the total operating voltage in series, minus one panel, to also be within the MPPT voltage range of the inverter. Also keep in mind when calculating the total possible production, that the production is occurring at the operating voltage, not at the open circuit voltage. So you want the total operating voltage of the string to be as high as possible to make as much production as possible given the current limit of the inverter. -- Now there is a huge problem with partial shading in a parallel x series configuration. In your case, 3s3p. The problem is that if a panel in one of the series is shaded, the optimal operating voltage for that string is far lower than the optimal operating voltage of the other strings connected in parallel. Since the voltage is forced to be the same for things connected in parallel, this will cause the partially shaded string to contribute almost no current (essentially losing the entire string instead of just the shaded panel) due to the other strings forcing the voltage higher. This is why you generally do not want to parallel strings, not in modern day. You want each series string going into its own dedicated MPPT. That way partial shading on one string only drops out the partially shaded-panels in that string and allows the rest of the panels in that string to fully contribute to your production. -- And there is also a problem when you parallel more than two strings. Nearly all solar panels are specified to only be able to parallel two strings without fusing. The only safe way to parallel more than two strings (and I would argue even when paralleling just two strings...) is to run them through a solar combiner box that includes a series fuse for each string. If you don't do that and one of your strings shorts out (due to damage or whatever), the other strings in the array will feed their entire combined current into that one shorted string. If you have more than two strings in parallel, that can cause a fire. That's why a proper solar combiner box is necessary when paralleling panels or paralleling strings. (But as I said above, in modern times you want to avoid paralleling strings if at all possible and have each string going into its own dedicated MPPT, to ensure that a partially shaded string can still contribute to production). -- And there is ALSO (yet again) a problem when paralleling a lot of strings... now the highest possible current might exceed what DIYers actually use for their wiring. And that can cause a fire too. As long as there is a series fuse for each string, then the wiring for each string only has to nominally handle that string's current contribution. The trunk (after the paralleling) wiring on the other-hand must be able to handle to the total combined current. Getting 30A-capable "solar" wiring and MC4 connectors for this is easy. Once you head north of 20A, though, a lot of the cheap stuff people buy starts to have problems. Cheap MC4 connectors, cheap wires, bad crimps, etc... things can get dangerous in a hurry. Yet another reason not to parallel more than two strings. Hand-touching the MC4 junctions and all the wiring during full production is a good idea to make sure there are no hot spots. -Matt
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