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  21. Good analysis, but while I agree with the basic premise...that Porsche is just way behind Tesla, I think that some of the reasoning was incorrect. First, it is simply not true that Tesla doesn't sequester battery capacity. Various folks have analyzed this (like Bjorn) and it appears that for a Model 3 long range/performance the actual battery capacity is about 80 kw, of which you can access about 74. So, when you think you are charging to 100%, you really aren't. While it's possible that Porsche sequesters a larger percent of the capacity, it's not clear that they do. Bottom line is that they both limit how much of the battery you can access, both at the top and the bottom. Second, you are mixing up efficiency and range. Range will be a function of capacity and efficiency, but efficiency is what this is really all about. It wouldn't matter what size battery the Porsche had (or what percent was sequestered), the efficiency is just lousy. Third, the idea that part of the Porsche's problem is due to their tying regeneration to braking may not be entirely true. According to Porsche, the vast majority of their braking is coming from regeneration, not friction. In fact, they brag about how they can regenerate more than anyone else due to their "800 volt architecture". The fact is, when you need to slow down you can either take your foot off the throttle (as is the case with Tesla) or you can use the brake pedal. But assuming the same level of motor regeneration is available, it doesn't matter (from a physics perspective) which method you used. It's all about feel, not regeneration. Again, if we believe Porsche, if anything their system should result in MORE regeneration rather than LESS regeneration. So, if these aren't the reasons for the low efficiency, what is? 1. The car is too heavy. For a car with less interior and storage capacity than a model 3, it weighs over 1,000 lbs more. All that weight requires energy to move it. 2. The car probably uses higher rolling resistance tires. This is definitely a choice Porsche is making to optimize handling over efficiency. 3. The 2 speed transmission is a problem. I'll talk about why they did this a little later, but suffice to say that this adds weight and frictional losses. 4. The car uses 2 PM motors rather than one PM and one inductive motor. This may not seem like a big deal, but it is. PM motors are more efficient than inductive motors, so it makes sense to use them as the primary motor in a 2 motor vehicle. Inductive motors are less efficient than MP motors but they have the advantage of having less drag when idling...as they are most of the time in a properly designed 2 motor vehicle. So, unlike Porsche, what Tesla has done on dual motor cars is to get the best of both worlds by using a PM motor at the rear and an inductive motor at the front. Clear evidence of the benefits of this can be seen with the Raven architecture on the S, where they added significant range/efficiency as a result of invoking this architecture that was pioneered with the Model 3. 5. Going back your original point about Porsche just being behind, here are some specifics: a. It's clear from the Model 3 dissection done by Munroe that there is some advanced technology in Tesla's control systems and motors. They believe that the magnets used in the motors are extremely complex and not easy to copy. I suspect that Porsche's motors simply aren't as sophisticated. b. I suspect the energy density of the Tesla batteries is higher than the Porsche batteries. This is because unlike Tesla, who seems to be at the state of the art of battery technology....and controls the manufacturing of their cells, Porsche is buying off the shelf batteries from LG. The result is lower discharge rates for the same capacity and lower power density, resulting in a heavier and lower performing pack. It seems that for EVs, lots of little things add up. This bring me back to where you started. Porsche is simply a number of years behind Tesla, and while they were (barely) able to equal Tesla's performance, they could only do it by having really bad efficiency. I sort of feel sorry for the folks buying a $250k Taycan only to find out that it's going to be hopelessly obsolete within just a few years. Keep up the good work!
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