Hearted Youtube comments on Sam Aronow (@SamAronow) channel.
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Phonologist with a focus on Semitic languages here, I want to nitpick your pronunciation section a bit, the source I'm using for Tiberian Hebrew is "The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew" by Geoffrey Khan (2020):
@13:45 you say that Modern Israeli Hebrew has 6 vowel sounds but really it only has 5, Modern Hebrew shva (ə) is also never distinguished from segol and tsere (e), the only difference is that shva can be dropped while segol and tsere are usually not dropped. so it's technically not a separate sound. you also show in the chart that Hebrew /a/ is a merger of patah (a) and qamats (ɔ) but qamats (ɔ) sometimes merges with holam (o) the former (the one that becomes /a/) is called qamats gadol while the latter (the one that becomes /o/) is called qamats qatan. That happened because Modern Hebrew vowels are based the Sephardic tradition which is descendant from the Palestinian tradition of Hebrew not Tiberian Hebrew.
Similarly Tiberian doesn't have 8 vowels, it has 12 vowel signs (patah, segol, tsere, hiriq, qamats, holam, qubuts, shuruq, shva, hataf patah, hataf segol, hataf qamats) and 7 vowel sounds [a ɛ e i ɔ o u], shva and the hataf signs were distinguished by length from the other vowels not pronunciation, and qubuts and shuruq both stood for the same sound.
@13:50 you say that Modern Israeli Hebrew has 19 basic consonants, yet you list 21 on your screen (/b v g d h w z x t j k l m n ŋ s p f ts ʀ ʃ/) more confusingly you have /w/ and /ŋ/ listed as "basic sounds" when they aren't, /w/ is only found in loan words and sure [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k g/ but that sort of allophony wouldn't usually be counted, the actual phonemic inventory of Hebrew is: /m n p t k ʔ b d g ts f v s z ʃ χ ʁ̞ h l j/ which is 20 consonants, my guess you didn't count /ʔ/ the glottal stop, but while it is usually dropped it should still be counted as it is still pronounced in careful speech, rural speech, and sometimes preserved in stressed syllables, it's not just a silent vowel carrier as you claim they are. Also /θ/ and /ð/ appear in transliterations not loanwords, only people highly educated in English or Standard Arabic would pronounce those sounds.
As for Tiberian Hebrew, well /d͡ʒ/ has never a pronuncation of gimel in Tiberian Hebrew, gimel was pronounced hard as /g/ and soft as /ʁ/, mirroring /k/ and /χ/ for hard and soft kaph respectively. As for Vav there is disagreement, it was mostly pronounced [v] tho it does appear to have been pronounced [w] by some people or at least in certain words, for example <וּ־> a special form of "and" before was pronounced [wu-].
Shema Yisrael would be pronounced like this:
Modern: [ʃeˈma jis.ʁ̞aˈʔel ʔa.doˈnaj ʔe.loˈ(h)e(j).nu ʔa.doˈnai ʔeˈχad]
Tiberian: [ʃaˈmaː.aʕ jis.rˤɔːˈʔeː.el ʔa.ðoːˈnɔː.ɔj ʔɛ.loːˈheː.nuː ʔa.ðoːˈnɔː.ɔj ʔɛːˈħɔː.ɔð]
The 5 vowel system of Modern Israeli Hebrew is in fact pretty fine, it is a direct and faithful descendent of Sephardic vowels, but what is very innovative of Modern Israeli Hebrew phonology is the consonants, those consonant mergers are things that were initially proscribed by language authorities, but as the population of Israel shifted from majority ethnic Mizrahi and Sephardi (who mostly spoke Arabic natively) to majority ethnic Ashkenazi (who mostly spoke Yiddish or Polish natively) the jews of European descent had trouble distinguishing many of the sounds and so merged them and where just accepted over time by the language authorities, making the new norm.
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hello non Jewish Dane here wanted to learn a bit more on Jewish history in the Nordic countries, just wanted to give you a couple of examples on how Danish Jews have shined, the world famous Danish Jewish designer and Architect Arne Jacobsen (design is almost a religion in Denmark Arne is the no 1 God in that area) Arne have build many important building s in and outside Denmark public and private among them the National bank of Denmark, , City hall Århus Denmark, a beach area north of Copenhagen called Bellevue, the Danish Ambassy in London, Radisson blu hotel Copenhagen plus private housing, ST Cathrine's college Oxford, he is even more famous for his furniture like the Egg and Swan Chair and many more he ended up designing everything in Radisson Blu Hotel down to the cutlery , another famous Danis Jewish designer was his close friend Poul Henningsen famous for his many lamps like PH5, the "artichoke" lamp and many more, a few years ago it was estimated that about 50% of Danish households has 1 or more of Pouls lamps! , many homes also have Arne Jacobsen chairs especially model 3107 is very common in the average Danish home, Arne and Poul escaped to Sweden during WW2 and returned to Denmark after to continue their work their designs are exported all over the world. There may be other of the very famous Danish designers and architects who were Jews but I only know that Arne and Poul was, we don't talk much about religion in general in Denmark unless there is a reason, I only know that Arne and Poul was Jewish because Arne was once asked about escaping to Sweden with Poul and their wife's
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