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Hello comrade Sergei.
I agree that Khrushchev's placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba might have seemed to be reckless, but there's more to the situation than just that:
I've been reading "Nikita Khrushchev: And the Creation of a Superpower" by Sergei Khrushchev (Nikita's son) and more or less he puts it this way:
- Nikita Khrushchev realises that they can't keep up producing so much for the military (tanks, air planes, warships, etc.)
- The economy needs revitalisation, people need more food, clothes, places to live
- Khrushchev bets on the idea of mutual destruction: if we can show the Americans that we can all destroy each other, they won't dare to bomb us first
- He starts big development of rocket forces and expands construction bureaus of Korolev, Yangel, Chelomei and others.
- Khrushchev cuts down on troops (more young people who are able to work now), scraps the building of enormous warships (he asked the Navy chief of staff while at Vladivostok: "What are you going to do if the Americans hit this base with a nuclear weapon?" - and the admirals couldn't answer anything)
- He puts the money into the civilian economy, starts building panel apartment blocks (Khruschovka)
Up till then everything seems OK because mutual destruction is more or less assured (with inter-continental ballistic missiles). The USSR knows that the Americans don't have too many of them (and the soviets bluff that they have more than they actually do).
Many problems arise with the mass production and use of soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles: the fuel used is corrosive, it takes a lot of time to prepare them, and they're generally expensive.
The moment the Americans place rockets in Turkey, the whole game changes.
The Americans no longer need to compete with the USSR in the production of ICBMs and can instead concentrate on producing mid-ranged missiles instead.
This tips the balance of power to the side of the USA.
Khrushchev has now two choices:
- Scrap his economic reforms and put the money into making more expensive ICBMs (while waiting for scientists to improve their deployment capabilities): but make people poor(er) again.
- Do the same thing as the Americans: place middle-range rockets near their number 1 enemy.
In the end, I'd do the same as him.
One could never have expected such a hypocritical response from the US - after all, with missiles in Cuba and in Turkey the scales were back to a level position.
The US generals mobilised the whole armed forces (Navy, Air Force, Marines, Army) and prepared them for an invasion. And not quietly, they made a lot of noise so that the USSR could understand it's serious.
According to the author of the book, Kennedy did not have that much power to stop the generals for a long time. Initially, he was willing to let the incident go unnoticed.
Interesting fact: Castro believed in the Communist cause so much, he was ready for Cuba to become a martyr in the new war!
Anyways, it was a gamble that did not pay off. With hindsight it would have been easier to just concentrate on ICBMs that could be launched from the USSR (as things progressed, TOPOL missiles for example).
The Americans told Khrushchev that he could not mention Turkey in this report - and this made him look stupid and clumsy in front of the politburo.
The hyenas there snatched the moment and took power.
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