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  25. The Ford Ts flathead is about the only thing that remains an astoundingly reliable mechanism. It’s true that the side valve arrangement makes an engine immune to valve drop and eliminates damage potential from extreme valve timing issues. Valve drop, by the 70s, was a virtually unheard of issue, but it can happen in OHV engines. The benefit of the flathead, though, is that you can use dirt cheap materials and not worry about it. The multiple-spark system (called SOS in airplanes) helped with the bad gas available at the time, and improved starting with low-grade fuel. It certainly helped with starting especially, but with modern fuel is entirely unnecessary. The T used a planetary transmission, which reduced its likeliness to strip gears, and it’s certainly less likely than even the most modern manual transmissions to strip out and have serious damage. But it was controlled by tightening cotton bands around the ring gears, and these go bad almost constantly. If it weren’t for the cotton bands, the transmission would have remarkable reliability even today. But because of the cotton bands and how they behave, the reliability is very low. The fuel system is drastically improved by the addition of a fuel filter. The bladder device used on the T was sub-par even for its time, and it said in the Ts manual to filter the gas before it was even put in the car. The oil slingers (called “spoons” here) were so woefully inadequate that the addition of an oil pump more than doubled the lifespan of the engine - when oil pumps were introduced they were seen as being the saving grace to reliability. People who lived in mountain states used to fill them so full of oil that they would smoke as if they had blown rings, so much so that bystanders would think that the car was on fire, and this would wind up doing damage all on its own. In some places people associated oil pumps with clean air. The carburetor was finicky and didn’t have an air filter. If dust gets in it’s like grabbing sandpaper for rings. And in many places there’s dust, including on earth. Finagling the carburetor to turn on the car made the car difficult to start. I’ve had experience with crank-start engines that have finicky carbs and they’re an absolute nightmare to get running. The introduction of electric start seems to us as a footnote in history but to the people at the time it might as well have been a gift from god himself. There is the problem of having to back up hills because of the gravity tank, but that’s not a reliability issue it’s just inconvenient. The lack of a water pump is a nice little niche, but that’s because of the low power of the engine vs. its surface area and size. Anything even slightly more substantial needs a water pump. It’s cool that it doesn’t need one, for sure, but no modern engine can do without it, besides something that’s air-cooled. If the Ts engine were designed today (in fact, any engine in any riding lawnmower has made the same HP since the 80s) it wouldn’t have water at all, it would have no water plumbing nor radiator and would just be air cooled. The cooling system on the T is actually quite a lot more complicated than any equivalent engine designed today.
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