Comments by "D W" (@DW-op7ly) on "BBC News"
channel.
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Difference Between Internal Debt and External Debt
Difference Between Internal Debt and External Debt!
The basic character of an internal debt is quite different from that of the external debt. In external debt, at the time of repayment there is a real transfer of resources.
In case of internal debt, however, since it is borrowed from individuals and institutions within the country repayment will constitute only a re-distribution of resources without causing any change in the total resources of the community.
There can, thus, be no direct money burden caused by internal debts since all payments cancel each other out in the aggregate community as a whole. Whatever is taxed from one section of the community servicing the debts is distributed among the bond-holders by way of repayment of loans and interest; and quite often, the tax-payer and the bond-holder may be the same person.
At the most, to the extent that the incomes of tax-payers (in a sense, debtors) are reduced, so will the incomes of creditors/ bond-holders increase, but the aggregate position of the community will, nevertheless, remain the same.
However, internal debt may involve a direct real burden on the community according to the nature of the series of transfer of incomes from tax payers to the public creditors. To the extent the tax-payers and the bond-holders are the same, the distribution of wealth will remain unaltered; hence there will not be any net real burden on the community.
Yourarticlelibrary
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@mcsike7264 well Tesla should have been testing in China way before this
👇
Baidu starts offering nighttime driverless taxis in China
December 26, 2022
Starting this week, the public can ride its robotaxis in Wuhan between 7 am and 11 pm without safety drivers behind the wheel.
Previously, its unmanned vehicles could only operate from 9 am to 5 pm in the city.
The updated scheme is expected to cover one million customers in certain areas of Wuhan, a city of more than 10 million people. Like most autonomous vehicle startups, Baidu combines a mix of third-party cameras, radar and lidar to help its cars see better in low-visibility conditions, in contrast to Tesla’s vision-based solution.
In August, Baidu started offering fully driverless robotaxi rides, charging passengers at taxi rates.
In Q3, Apollo Go, the firm’s robotaxi hailing app, completed more than 474,000 rides, up 311% year over year.
Accumulatively, Apollo Go had exceeded 1.4 million orders as of Q3.
TC
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