Comments by "D W" (@DW-op7ly) on "Inside China Business"
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the Chinese don’t believe in zero-sum game type of thinking
They viewed the Americans as partners, probably still view them as partners they can work with in the future
Kind of like waiting for Meloni going to China to reset recently
But at this time they have to view the USA as an unreliable partner. But one who might reset relations in the future
👇
US-China tech war: Beijing's secret chipmaking champions
How Washington's sanctions boosted China's semiconductor sector
MAY 5, 2021
Plan B
So far, Yangtze Memory, also known as YMTC, has remained under the radar of the U.S. government. But the company is taking no chances. With the guidance of Beijing, it has launched a massive review of its supply chain in an effort to find local suppliers -- or, at least, non-U.S. ones -- to replace the current dependence on American technology.
The collective effort has occupied over 800 people, full time, and including staff from its multiple local suppliers, for two years. And they have not finished yet.
YMTC is seeking to learn as much as it can about the origin of everything that goes into its products, from production equipment and chemicals to the tiny lenses, screws, nuts and bearings in chipmaking machinery and production lines, multiple sources familiar with the matter said. The audit extends not only to YMTC's own production lines, but also to suppliers, suppliers' suppliers, and so on.
"The review is as meticulous as knowing where the screws and nuts are coming from, the lead time, and if those parts have alternatives," one person familiar with the matter told Nikkei Asia.
The purge of YMTC's supply chain has been handled with the spirit of a national emergency. Based in the city of Wuhan, the effort did not pause even when the virus epicenter was ravaged by COVID-19 last spring.
While the rest of the city endured a brutal quarantine, high-speed trains remained in service to ferry YMTC employees to its $24 billion 3D NAND flash memory plant that began producing chips in 2019. All the while, delivery trucks for critical chipmaking materials drove to and from the production campus.
Nikkei Asia
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@papiso2008
Try this one out
👇
Intel Brags of $152 Billion in Stock Buybacks Over Last 35 Years. So Why Does It Need an $8 Billion Subsidy?
What’s to stop the chip-making giant from shoveling taxpayer grants into more stock buybacks?
LES LEOPOLD
Mar 27, 2024
Common Dreams
Intel, the largest chip maker in America, with 2023 revenues of $54 billion, has just been awarded an $8.5 billion grant from the federal CHIPS and Science Act, plus $11 billion in favorable loans.
In addition to badly needed microchips, Intel produces totally useless stock buybacks. On its website the company proudly proclaims to have spent $152 billion on stock buybacks since 1990. That’s not a typo: $152,000,000,000. Which is why I call it "Stock Buybacks Я Us."
Intel took $152 billion of its revenues, some portion of which could have been used for R&D and building new microchip facilities in the U.S. as well as paying workers more, and instead funneled it to its largest Wall Street stockholders and corporate executives, enriching the top fraction of the top one percent.
CommonDreams
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@lucadellasciucca967
You have no understanding of the Chinese people
My guess is you are a white separatist expat who went to Asia/China of all places to find a wife
Seriously if you are going to be an expat over there then learn about the country
If not for gaaaawds sake, don’t have kids over there… they will be the messed up ones. No thanks to you as the parents
👇
China confronts Europe with an enormous problem: we do not understand it
China confronts Europe with an enormous problem: we do not understand it. Worse, we are not even conscious of the fact. We insist on seeing the world through our Western prism. No other tradition or history or culture can compare. Ours is superior to all and others, in deviating from ours, are diminished as a consequence. This speaks not of our wisdom but our ignorance, an expression not of our cosmopolitanism but our insularity and provincialism. It is a consequence of being in the ascendant for at least two centuries, if not rather longer. Eurocentrism – or perhaps we should say western-centrism – has become our universal yardstick against which, in varying degrees, all others fail.
Our western-centric value-judgements about China must no longer be allowed to act as a substitute for understanding the country in its own terms. This is no easy task. China is profoundly different from the West in the most basic of ways. Perhaps the most basic difference is that it is not a nation-state in the European sense of the term. Indeed, it has only described itself as such since around 1900. Anyone who knows anything about China is aware that it is a lot older than that. China, as we know it today, dates back to 221BC, in some respects much earlier. That date marked the end of the Warring States period, the victory of the Qin, and the birth of the Qin Empire whose borders embraced a considerable slice of what is today the eastern half of China and by far its most populous part.
For over two millennia, the Chinese thought of themselves as a civilization rather than a nation. The most fundamental defining features of China today, and which give the Chinese their sense of identity, emanate not from the last century when China has called itself a nation-state but from the previous two millennia when it can be best described as a civilization-state: the relationship between the state and society, a very distinctive notion of the family, ancestral worship, Confucian values, the network of personal relationships that we call guanxi, Chinese food and the traditions that surround it, and, of course, the Chinese language with its unusual relationship between the written and spoken form. The implications are profound: whereas national identity in Europe is overwhelmingly a product of the era of the nation-state – in the United States almost exclusively so – in China, on the contrary, the sense of identity has primarily been shaped by the country’s history as a civilization-state. Although China describes itself today as a nation-state, it remains essentially a civilization-state in terms of history, culture, identity and ways of thinking. China’s geological structure is that of a civilization-state; the nation-state accounts for little more than the top soil.
China, as a civilization-state, has two main characteristics. Firstly, there is its exceptional longevity, dating back to even before the break-up of the Roman Empire. Secondly, the sheer scale of China – both geographic and demographic – means that it embraces a huge diversity. Contrary to the Western belief that China is highly centralised, in fact in many respects the opposite is the case: indeed, it would have been impossible to govern the country – either now or in the dynastic period – on such a basis. It is simply too large. The implications in terms of the way the Chinese think are profound.
In 1997 Hong Kong was handed over to China by the British. The Chinese constitutional proposal was summed up in the phrase: ‘one country, two systems’. Barely anyone in the West gave this maxim much thought or indeed credence; the assumption was that Hong Kong would soon become like the rest of China. This was entirely wrong. The political and legal structure of Hong Kong remains as different now from the rest of China as in 1997. The reason we did not take the Chinese seriously is that the West is characterised by a nation-state mentality, hence when Germany was unified in 1990 it was done solely and exclusively on the basis of the Federal Republic; the DDR in effect disappeared. ‘One nation-state, one system’ is the nation-state way of thinking. But, as a civilization-state, the Chinese logic is quite different. Because China is so vast and embraces such diversity, as a matter of necessity it must be flexible: ‘one civilization, many systems’.
The idea of China as a civilization-state is a fundamental building block for understanding China in its own terms. And it has multifarious implications. The relationship between the state and society in China is very different to that in the West. Contrary to the overwhelming Western assumption that the Chinese state lacks legitimacy and is bereft of public support, in fact the Chinese state enjoys greater legitimacy than any Western state. We have come to assume that the legitimacy of the state overwhelmingly rests on the democratic process – universal suffrage, competing parties et al. But this is only one element: if it was the whole story, then the Italian state would enjoy a robust legitimacy rather than the reality, a chronic lack of it. And to explain this we have to go back to the Risorgimento as only a partially fulfilled project.
The reason why the Chinese state enjoys a formidable legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese has nothing to do with democracy but can be found in the relationship between the state and Chinese civilization. The state is seen as the embodiment, guardian and defender of Chinese civilization. Maintaining the unity, cohesion and integrity of Chinese civilization – of the civilization-state – is perceived as the highest political priority and is seen as the sacrosanct task of the Chinese state. Unlike in the West, where the state is viewed with varying degrees of suspicion, even hostility, and is regarded, as a consequence, as an outsider, in China the state is seen as an intimate, as part of the family, indeed as the head of the family; interestingly, in this context, the Chinese term for nation-state is ‘nation-family’.
Martin Jacques
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@FallenLeavesReturnToRoots
What most people don’t get?
Is it is mostly US multinationals making the lion share of those profits inflating the trade deficit between China to the USA
Where Chinese companies mostly trade with their Belt and Road country partners these days
These US multinationals are the ones sending you that junk
These US multinationals are still using the same highly polluting labour intensive factories formula.
As they were using more and more illegal labour in their Chinese factories, smuggled in from South East Asia.
Or more and more automation in their wholly owned factories in China these days
These are the same companies who got those trump Corporate tax cuts you for sure cheered about
Same companies based in China who derived 392 billion in sales of their goods and services into those Chinese domestic markets in 2018 when trump started his trade war
Same companies averaging 20% to 40% of their earnings from China whose high flying stocks are in your 401k/Pensions
Same companies who the American farmer and consumer were sacrificed. So the USA could try and get “more” or “better” access for the US multinationals, into those Chinese Domestic markets during the trade war
Same companies whose HQ is in a North American city you can easily go stand outside and protest at….
Why didn’t China pull the nuclear trade option and boot these US companies you might ask?
For one, it would crash the US Economy
And the Chinese don’t believe in a zero-sum game type of thinking
As I can show you during the trade war.
China didn’t pull out their big trade weapons, in fact they were lowering tariffs to most countries not raising them
👇
Trump’s ‘trade war’ with China won’t be so easy to win
Having learned these value chain lessons, Beijing has worked hard to bring more of the high-value-adding parts of value chains into China, and to build hi-tech industries in which it can establish a globally competitive position.
China has successfully done this in areas like high-speed trains (CRRC), digital telecoms networks (Huawei), drones (DJI) and hi-tech batteries (BYD).
Trump’s team is not wrong to be worried about China’s competitive emergence here, and to target these new-tech sectors in the latest trade war sortie.
But here’s the problem: China exports almost none of these new-tech products to the US, making US tariff threats meaningless. Rather, they go to developing economy markets – many embraced by the Belt and Road initiative – where China has succeeded in building a hi-tech, high-value brand reputation.
As Trump’s team will quickly learn, the challenge of finding China’s pain points is bigger than expected: for a decade China’s priority has been to base growth on the domestic consumer economy and reduce reliance on the low-value-adding export processing industries (many of which are US- or Hong Kong-owned and concentrated in the Pearl River Delta)
SCMP
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@TheGreatAmphibian
US-China tech war: Beijing's secret chipmaking champions
How Washington's sanctions boosted China's semiconductor sector
MAY 5, 2021
Plan B
So far, Yangtze Memory, also known as YMTC, has remained under the radar of the U.S. government. But the company is taking no chances. With the guidance of Beijing, it has launched a massive review of its supply chain in an effort to find local suppliers -- or, at least, non-U.S. ones -- to replace the current dependence on American technology.
The collective effort has occupied over 800 people, full time, and including staff from its multiple local suppliers, for two years. And they have not finished yet.
YMTC is seeking to learn as much as it can about the origin of everything that goes into its products, from production equipment and chemicals to the tiny lenses, screws, nuts and bearings in chipmaking machinery and production lines, multiple sources familiar with the matter said. The audit extends not only to YMTC's own production lines, but also to suppliers, suppliers' suppliers, and so on.
"The review is as meticulous as knowing where the screws and nuts are coming from, the lead time, and if those parts have alternatives," one person familiar with the matter told Nikkei Asia.
Each supplier is assigned a score for geopolitical risk, identified in many pages of documents detailing the components they use in its machines. YMTC has sent engineers to audit local equipment suppliers' production sites to verify that the origins of parts have been truthfully reported, one of the people told Nikkei.
American-made parts are scored highest for risk, followed by parts bought from Japan, Europe and those made locally, the person said. Meanwhile, suppliers are asked to provide corrective action reports to explain how they can together diversify procurement and find alternatives.
Nikkei Asia
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@TheGreatAmphibian
The Chinese had “virtually” no chip making ability/foundries 6 years ago
thanks to the USA who did the job for the Chinese
Where their Government was trying to get their people to switch to homegrown chips before the sanctions
China is now expected to take over those legacy chip markets
If the USA was smarter instead of cutting off China from semiconductor chips and equipment for manufacturing
They should have themselves and their allies, lowered prices even more, and dump even more chips on China
Instead their idea was to force the hand of Chinese people at the time content with cheap imported chips.
Hope they could not innovate
When there is now a 7 volume 27 book series on what China invented first that says the world copied from them
And China leads the world in 37 of the 44 critical technologies of the future 🙄
At one point China was importing over 300 billion in chips a year
Now they will probably be exporting around 200 billion dollars worth of their own homegrown chips per year, within the products they export
👇
How Close Is China to World Dominance in Legacy Semiconductors? 27-02-2024 | By Paul Whytock
* Bread and Butter Technology
Obviously, China would like to be a major player when it comes to high-end sophisticated semiconductor devices, but that doesn’t mean they are not interested in the bread-and-butter end of the market, particularly when it comes to legacy products.
In fact, they are very interested in the legacy market, and there are some very good reasons why.
Legacy devices make up a huge amount of global chip sales. Most chips manufactured today are not advanced chips but legacy chips, and around 71% of devices
* China's Aggressive Expansion in the Semiconductor Industry
In September 2023, Reuters reported that China was set to launch a new state-backed fund aimed at raising about €43bn to support its chip industry, and according to research analysts, the Rhodium Group, in less than ten years, China is expected to domestically add nearly as much 50–180nm wafer manufacturing capacity as the rest of the World.
The views of industry analysts and observers vary, but generally speaking, it’s thought that 22 wafer fabs are being built in the country, and there is an overall plan to create a total of 30 new wafer fabrication plants.
Many of these will concentrate on the production of legacy devices.
As for market share, industry intelligence gatherers
Trendforce believe China’s legacy chip manufacturing base could provide as much as 30% of the global demand for older devices.
ElectroPages
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@TheGreatAmphibian
What’s the rush China will eventually get there
You are transferring our western thinking on how they think
If the USA is forcing the Chinese to start from scratch
Then the Chinese can go right down to the most basic Rare Earths that go into those Lithography machines and semiconductor chips
In most cases Countries are not refining enough, at all, or the heavy rare earths
So China could play the same game
But they don’t believe in zero-sum game type of thinking
Well not yet
👇
Circumventing the Chokepoint: Can the US Produce More Rare Earths?
Oct 30, 2023
* Rare earths—which include the fifteen lanthanide series elements plus scandium and yttrium—are critical not only to energy technology like permanent magnets in electric vehicles and offshore wind turbines but also to military applications like lasers and precision-guided weapons. These elements enable defense equipment and weapons system components to function.
From 1950 to October 2018, China filed 25,911 rare earth patents, while the United States filed only 9,810. Thus, China can also restrict rare earth technology. In April 2023, for instance, Nikkei Asia reported that China was considering restricting exports of rare earth magnet technology
New Security Beat
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@DailyBeatings probably an older codger like me
But a typical zero-sum game thinking American
Probably does not know that he literally would be dropping like a fly, if China actively participated in a trade war with the west
without 400 thousand Chinese drug labs we would go without the Alzheimer’s, Diabetes, Cancer, Heart Disease drugs and more etc etc etc
That’s because they supply us with the essential ingredients that go into the Worlds Pharmaceutical drugs
👇
U.S. officials worried about Chinese control of American drug supply
"Basically we've outsourced our entire industry to China," retired Brig. Gen. John Adams told NBC News. "That is a strategic vulnerability."
If China shut the door on exports of medicines and their key ingredients and raw material, U.S. hospitals and military hospitals and clinics would cease to function within months, if not days," said Rosemary Gibson, author of a book on the subject, "China Rx."
NBCNews
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China's lock on drugs
Two pillars of Trump administration policy – combating the soaring prices for prescription drugs and equalizing the U.S. trade imbalance with China – appear to be on a collision course, drug and foreign policy experts say.
That's because the key ingredients for so many essential drugs, from antibiotics and birth control pills to treatments for cancer, depression, high cholesterol and HIV/AIDS, are purchased from China, says Rosemary Gibson, co-author with Janardan Prasad Singh of a new book called "ChinaRx: Exposing the Risks of America's Dependence on China for Medicine."
CNBC
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@hermon1415
Americans have lost that pioneer ethos
Instead it’s everyone wins everyone gets a participation ribbon mindset….
No one fails
When you say it will take time?
That is failure for the average American and time to give up
Because to them it’s about instant gratification these days or else nothing at all
👇
What is the Dunning-Kruger effect?
When we don't know enough to know what we don't know.
* So goes the reasoning behind the Dunning-Kruger effect, the inclination of unskilled or unknowledgeable people to overestimate their own competence.
LiveScience
👇
Why we overestimate our competence
Social psychologists are examining people's pattern of overlooking their own weaknesses.
Cross-cultural comparisons
Regardless of how pervasive the phenomenon is, it is clear from Dunning's and others' work that many Americans, at least sometimes and under some conditions, have a tendency to inflate their worth. It is interesting, therefore, to see the phenomenon's mirror opposite in another culture. In research comparing North American and East Asian self-assessments, Heine of the University of British Columbia finds that East Asians tend to underestimate their abilities, with an aim toward improving the self and getting along with others.
These differences are highlighted in a meta-analysis Heine is now completing of 70 studies that examine the degree of self-enhancement or self-criticism in China, Japan and Korea versus the United States and Canada. Sixty-nine of the 70 studies reveal significant differences between the two cultures in the degree to which individuals hold these tendencies, he finds.
In another article in the October 2001 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 81, No. 4), Heine's team looks more closely at how this occurs. First, Japanese and American participants performed a task at which they either succeeded or failed. Then they were timed as they worked on another version of the task. "The results made a symmetrical X," says Heine: Americans worked longer if they succeeded at the first task, while Japanese worked longer if they failed.
There are cultural, social and individual motives behind these tendencies, Heine and colleagues observe in a paper in the October 1999 Psychological Review (Vol. 106, No. 4). "As Western society becomes more individualistic, a successful life has come to be equated with having high self-esteem," Heine says. "Inflating one's sense of self creates positive emotions and feelings of self-efficacy, but the downside is that people don't really like self-enhancers very much."
Conversely,
East Asians' self-improving or self-critical stance helps them maintain their "face," or reputation, and as a result, their interpersonal network.
But the cost is they don't feel as good about themselves, he says. Because people in these cultures have different motivations, they make very different choices, Heine adds.
If Americans perceive they're not doing well at something, they'll look for something else to do instead. "If you're bad at volleyball, well fine, you won't play volleyball," as Heine puts it.
East Asians, though, view a poor performance as an invitation to try harder.
Interestingly, children in many cultures tend to overrate their abilities, perhaps because they lack objective feedback about their performance. For example, until about third grade, German youngsters generally overrate their academic achievement and class standing. This tendency declines as feedback in the form of letter grades begins. But researchers also have shown significant cross-cultural differences in youngsters' performance estimates--American children, it appears, are particularly prone to overestimate their competence.
APA
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@MrStevemur
The difference between the USA and China is in Q3 of 2019
The US FED was bailing out those TOOBIGTOFAIL banks in their repo markets less their credit markets seize up once again
A few things we learned since the 2008 subprime crisis
1) Buying for US debt is not unlimited.
In 2013 the US FED had to buy 71% of the newly issued external Sovereign debt by the US Treasury
2) That Quantitative Easing (QE)debt that was soaped up/printing of money, that debt does not disappear
Since we know from Q3 of 2017 to Q3 of 2019 the FEDs bright idea was to allow 50 to 60 billion of the Agency Debt and US Treasury Debt it soaped up during QE to slowly mature each month, off the FEDs balance sheet.
Their Quantitative Tightening (QT) Where the US Treasury would issue new corresponding debt for the public to buy. Where with this QT selling they managed to dump about 600 to 700 billion in debt on the American “people”
As the American “people” are the biggest buyers of US Sovereign Debt (directly/indirecty)
That QT selling ended during Q3 of 2019 Because that selling of debt ended up helping to freeze up the repo market
Just like when it happened in 2008/2009 during the subprime crisis
Thus the FED balance sheet went from 4.5 trillion to about 3.8 trillion.with that selling from 2017 to 2019
But then the FED had to come back in QE 2.0 and buy that Treasury debt again, all that they dumped and more
Last I checked they ran that FED balance sheeet back up to over 8 trillion. Now it’s back to around 7.8 trillion
Wait you might ask Agency debt is internal debt not supposed to be backed by the US Government
Well the USA has had no issue with taking private internal debt and turning it into External Sovereign Debt backed by the US Government and the American “people”
Something the Chinese might have been tempted to do with the Junk Bonds issued by those Chinese Property Developers
That were a hot commodity the last few years, sought after by sophisticated foreign investors
In short the Chinese purposely deflated their real estate markets. Cut off money to its Property Developers since 2010. And didnt bailout foreign investors who took a risk buying those Property Developer junk bonds the last few years
While the USA left their real estate market to implode. Kept the stimulus/bailout money flowing to the companies, and bailed out foreign investors who invested in private internal debt
👇
As politicians call for taxpayer bailouts and a government takeover of troubled mortgage lenders Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae,
FreedomWorks would like to point out that a bailout is a transfer of possibly hundreds of billions of U.S. tax dollars to sophisticated investors and governments overseas.
The top five foreign holders of Freddie and Fannie long-term debt are China, Japan, the Cayman Islands, Luxembourg, and Belgium. In total foreign investors hold over $1.3 trillion in these agency bonds, according to the U.S. Treasury’s most recent “Report on Foreign Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities.”
FreedomWorks President Matt Kibbe commented, “The prospectus for every GSE bond clearly states that it is not backed by the United States government. That’s why investors holding agency bonds already receive a significant risk premium over Treasuries.”
“A bailout at this stage would be the worst possible outcome for American taxpayers and mortgage holders, who have been paying a risk premium to these foreign investors.”
“It would change the rules of the game retroactively and would directly subsidize the risks taken by sophisticated foreign investors.”
“A bailout of GSE bondholders would be perhaps the greatest taxpayer rip-off in American history. It is bad economics and you can be sure it is terrible politics.”
FreedomWorks
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Good News For Chinese Homeowners: Premier Li Offers Some Clarity On Land Leases
Mar 21, 2017
Chinese homeowners can breathe a little easier.
Last Wednesday, Premier Li Keqiang said a real estate protection provision that would ensure individual’s access to property under a 70-year lease would be renewed unconditionally is being drafted.
This will help to quell ongoing fears that wealth garnered from one generation will be removed after the 70-year lease ends by the government. And while this does not address the fate of 20-year leases, the precedent set in Wenzhou may be replicated in other areas.
Residential land lease policy
Chinese residential land is parceled out in 20- or 70-year leases. Home owners may own their apartment, but do not own the land it is built on, which belongs to the government. The question of how the land lease will be renewed is therefore a big question.
While the 2007 Property law stated that the right to use residential land would be renewed at the expiration of the contract, it did not state how the process would be carried out or how much it might cost to renew the lease. As 20-year leases come due, homeowners want to know what to expect for the future of their oftentimes largest asset. This impacts not only bequeathing property to the next generation, but also selling property. The first 70-year leases are expected to expire around 2030.
Reassurances on the longer leases from the central government follow after Chinese officials in the land ministry assured homeowners in Wenzhou, a city in the eastern Zhejiang province, last December that they would not have to pay a renewal fee to continue to use their residences after the shorter 20-year lease expires. The was a reversal of earlier statements that homeowners would have to pay a large fee of up to a third of the property value to renew.
Wenzhou’s case was unique in that fees for property renewal were quite high; other cities, such as Qingdao and Shenzhen, experienced earlier lease expiries, but did not address the issue or requested lower fees. Wenzhou may set a precedent for other Chinese cities by waiving the renewal fee, albeit only temporarily.
The lease renewal process matters
How central and local governments shape the lease renewal process is critical in maintaining stability in property markets. I believe that the lease renewal process must be codified in a law to make it clear and consistent. Otherwise, a patchwork of policies among local governments, with regard to the 20-year lease, will sow confusion and create strong market biases toward cities with lower renewal fees.
Furthermore, lease renewal should at least be affordable, although analysts hold various opinions as to whether or not it should be free. Notably, across China, 90% of households own their homes, and home ownership is especially important because there are few other reliable investment outlets available to households. Most individuals have not factored the cost of lease renewal into their home price, and a high renewal fee would present a large initial shock to home owners.
Low fees are a double-edged sword
Allowing homeowners to renew leases for a low fee or without paying a new fee is a double-edged sword, however, since local governments obtain funds from selling and leasing land. Abolishing the fees wholesale would result in a drop in much-needed local government revenue, which in some places is already insufficient to support the many services local governments are tasked with.
A property tax would resolve this. However, such a tax has been in the making for the past several years but has yet to be implemented, most likely due to concerns that this would dampen the real estate market. China’s Vice Housing Minister, Lu Kehua, stated last month that China needs to “speed up” a property tax law, yet there was no discussion of this at the recent National People’s Congress. Previous experiments implementing a property tax in Chongqing resulted in confusion about how bills were to be paid and how they were to be administered. Still, potentially replacing land use fees with a property tax makes sense
Forbes
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What are you talking about the Chinese have a pension
And they are transferring money and assets from State owned enterprises to fund their Pensions
👇
Through a central coordination mechanism, over 930 billion yuan ($147.58 billion) from the national pool went to make up for the shortfalls of local pension schemes last year alone.
China's basic old-age insurance, a key program to ensure people's well-being after retirement, has been evolving to a larger-scale management system since its establishment in the 1990s. The central coordination mechanism was set up in 2018 as the first step prior to building a national system to further address unbalanced pension burdens nationwide.
But issues deriving from disparities in regional economic development and demographic structure still exist.
"Some regions have more surpluses, while the others with older populations are under heavier pressure to make pension payments," said Qi Tao, an official from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.
In 2021, over 210 billion yuan from the coordination mechanism went to the central and western regions as well as the northeastern "rust belt" provinces, as a greying population weighs on their pension payments and growing labor outflows squeeze pension income.
Using a nationwide chessboard as a metaphor, the head of the China Association of Social Security Zheng Gongcheng said the new national system will make the pension benefits fairer. "People won't need to sacrifice their pensions for migrating to work, and retirees won't have to deal with the risks from local pension fund shortfalls."
Qi said a mechanism that assigns the respective expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments on pension funds will be built after the national program comes into force and the central government will not roll back its subsidy to the pension funds.
Apart from the coordination efforts and central subsidy, state assets totaling 1.68 trillion yuan from 93 centrally-administered enterprises and financial institutions have also been transferred to replenish the pension schemes.
GOV . CN
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