Comments by "Tony Wilson" (@tonywilson4713) on "Zeihan on Geopolitics" channel.

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  2. I'm Australian and have had no real contact with Finnish people but as an observation there's a few of note in car racing and they make for an interesting analysis. In Formula 1 Finland has had 3 World Champions and arguably a 4th and a bunch of other successful drivers. Their world champions are Keke Rosberg, Mika Häkkinen and Kimi Räikkönen. The sort of 4th is Keke's son Nico Rosberg who was born in Germany. The one thing that commentators noted about ALL OF THEM was their ability to tactically out think others and win championships with strategy rather than outright speed. Eddy Irvine who was Schumacher's team mate at the time talked about it in several interviews with respect to Mika Häkkinen. Another point of interest is the Rally of Finland also known as the 1000 Lakes Rally. First run in the 1950s it wasn't until 1990 when Carlos Sainz won that a non-Scandinavian won. It never seemed to matter what the cars were or what rules they raced under non-Scandinavians always struggled. I remember a driver (sorry I forget who) saying that they grow up in those conditions and just understand what it takes to do things there. Also there's a video here on YT about an incredibly successful Finish sniper from the Winter War. He didn't use a telescopic sight because they fog up. He just used iron sights and was a nightmare to the Russians. So if you add this up (and YES its limited information) what you have is a nation that can think strategically at a high level and know their environment in a way nobody else seems to.
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  5. As an engineer I can say that's so damn true. I'm Australian but did aerospace at U. Illinois just over the border from Indiana. By chance in 2002 I met Harrison Schmitt (Apollo 17) and he was pushing to mine the moon for Helium-3. So I went off to Australia's remote mining industry for experience. One of the major learning lessons from that was how to do basic engineering in remote places. One of my personal is "How do we build a workshop & foundry on the moon?" The simple fact is we never built a moon base because its just to damn hard to fly everything there. Its at least 10x the cost to land anything on the moon. It really comes down to some incredibly simple things like How do you make pipe on the moon? How do you make electrical cables on the moon? How do you get the raw stock from local ore to make pipe, cablesand other stuff? To actually get information on the subject I have taken to watching the amateur machinists here on YouTube, because they have to make do with less than what the professionals have. I watch the pros as well because they show how to do stuff properly, but its the amateurs with little hobby lathes & mills I watch the most. At the start of off world their will be people doing things like black smithing because we just wont be able to take the processing hardware. We just wont be able to take an industrial lathe or mill or the tooling or a blast furnace. All the skills the amateurs with help from the pros have kept alive will enable a moon base. NASA are skull stuffed on the subject, while Musk & Bezos are so far into fantasyland it makes you wonder what drugs they're on.
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  15. SORRY PETER BUT YOU DESERVE SOME OF THE CRAP YOU GET WHEN IT COMES TO SUBJECTS LIKE THIS I have pointed out some of your faults on engineering previously but you keep repeating the similar mistakes. First - as an engineer who does projects I can tell you that you can't talk about percentage of life time costs when the technologies are so different and the construction costs are so radically different. You DO NOT NEED 100% up front capital for a Wind Farm or Solar Farm. This is because they are fundamentally different to something like a Coal or Gas fired plant and especially a nuclear plant. You have to build 100% of a nuclear, coal or hydro plant. You can't build part of one of those plants BUT YOU CAN build a fraction of a wind farm and get it making money before being 100% finished. Yes you need a higher percentage of the life time costs up front but its a much smaller number. Its like 99% of 10 (as in 9.9) is a smaller number than 50% of 50 (as in 25). 99% of 10 is even smaller than 10% of 100 because 9.9 is less than 10. You might be right that the percentage is higher but the actual capital cost is much lower. In terms of a real world comparison for plants under or near construction RIGHT NOW. Vogtle in Georgia and Hinckley Point C in Britain are 2 nuclear plants for which data is readily available (see Wikipedia). Vogtle has 2 x Westinghouse AP1000 reactors with a CONSTRUCTION cost of of US$34 Billion for 2.2 GW (Gigawatts). Hinckley Point C in Britain with 2 x EPR 2s has a CONSTRUCTION cost of £32.7 Billion (US$ 41.5B) for 3.2 GW. THESE ARE UP FRONT COSTS Vogtle has up front costs of US$15.46B per GW and Hinkley has US$12.97B per GW. SunZia at US$11B for 3.5GW is US$3.14B per GW. For comparison Snowy 2.0 In Australia which is a massive pumped hydro plant with estimated costs (so far) of AU$15B for 2.0GW. That's about US$5B per GW but I'd also warn that those costs might blow out. I am Australian and despite that I think it will eventually prove worthwhile that project is a dumpster fire in terms of project mismanagement. NOW BEFORE ANYONE SCREAMS - Yes I know 3.5GW of wind is NOT the same as 3.5GW of nuclear, gas, coal or hydro. The general rule is that it takes 2.2 times as much capacity to produce the same effect as coal, nuclear, hydro,..... The Germans proved that with a better mix of wind & solar that number can come down to as low as 1.7. It might come lower with bulk storage and by bulk storage I don't mean batteries even mega batteries. Bulk storage is when you can supply from storage at least 1 day if not 2 of reliable. Australia has a planned Mega battery on the site of a recently decommissioned coal fired plant. At 750MWH it sound impressive but the power station was 2,000MW and that 750MWH is about 22.5 minutes worth of power. So by current general practice SunZia has costs more like $6.9B per GW, but that might be lower with the right balance of wind & solar coupled with a bulk storage system. Irrespective US$11B its a lot less money than the US$34B that's been paid for Vogtle for a similar amount of power.
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  30. SORRY PETE I love your work, BUT I disagree on the conclusion it was the Russians who blew up Nord Stream. Gas and oil pipelines are giant money pumps and you know that. They might be expensive to install but once that's done they just pump money from one place to another. Rockefeller worked that out over a century ago. Even if the explosives are Russian it would prove nothing because there are so many places in the world that anyone could get tons of Russian explosives. Just look at all the countries they sell military stuff too. In any crime there's a thing called MOTIVE. Nord Stream is owned by a combination of Russian state enterprises and the Russian Oligarchs. Its a huge money earner for both. On the other hand the biggest critics of Nord Stream has been the America government. As you have highlighted repeatedly America has lots of gas out of North Dakota but can't sell it because it requires infrastructure. To sell it to Europe means liquifying and the shipping and that can't compete with a pipe. Then there's the German nuclear industry that was shutdown by the German Green Party. Funny how the Germans are now recommissioning those nuclear power stations to make up for the gas shortage. Then there's opportunity. To plant the explosives and blow up 50 meters of pipeline at the bottom of the sea requires underwater demolition skills. Yes the Russians most likely have those skills but so do the Germans and Americans. And lets not forget something else. America due to its recent 20 year war now has a number of Private Military Contractors available full of ex-US Military people who probably have the necessary skills. Plus PMCs are great for "plausible deniability." SO WHO'S GOT MOTIVE and OPPORTUNITY to blow up Nord Stream.
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  31. Looking forward to what you have to say on AUSTRALIA. Since getting the gist of what you mean by demographics and how that plays out I know Australia is in serious deep crap. But even with that there's some other mind numbing issues the top 2 of which are energy and water. We don't have enough of either because we have stupidly done some idiotic things. The most stupid thing we did which has caused both of these issues was following what we called Economic Rationalism which was the Australia version of Reaganomics and Thatcherism. We (all of us around the world) now collectively call this NEOLIBERALISM but its also called Chicago School Economics after the University of Chicago where Milton Friedman, Ronald Corse and other plotted the "Greed is Good" Era. ON ENERGY - we privatised everything back in the 90s under the standard claim that "competition would deliver better services at lower prices" and like everywhere else that PROVED FALSE. The real reason economists preached that nonsense wasn't because they thought that privatising everything would actually be better it was just standard neoliberal ideology. In the time our nation went from 10 to 20 million people we built more than 10 power stations across the nation with output power greater than 1,000 Megawatts (1 Gigawatt) with the largest over 3GW. These are the large bulk delivery power stations that supply the bulk of what's called BASE LOAD POWER. In the time our population has gone from 20 to 26 million we have NOT built a single power station over 1GW. So the backbone of our energy system is not only old but also smaller than it needs to be. So not only do we need to start replacing the older power stations but we need to replace them with even larger power stations. THIS IS ACTUALLY COMMON ACROSS THE WESTERN WORLD and if you bothered to be more engaging with engineers we'd tell you about this. The problem is we have about 22.6 Gigawatts of coal fired power stations to replace. This actually has NOTHING to do with climate change its just a fact that things get old and worn out and eventually need replacing. Right now people are sayin go nuclear, but based on the cost of Hinckley Point C in Britain (because its useable data) that would cost over AU$440 Billion. But based on population projections we'd actually need to double that and then almost triple it to supply all the electric cars, buses, trucks and airplanes that people want us to have. By the time you add in all of the required power grid upgrades that easily jumps to more than AU$2 Trillion AND THAT'S for a country that currently has only 26 million people. What's the bill for Europe, North America, Asia, India,.......? ON WATER - Australia is even in a worse state than most people realise. We are a dry nation and water is simply not as free to use as when we were 10 million which we only reached in 1960 and we were only 15 million in 1980. We are now 26 million and we haven't built any new major water supplies in decades. The projection is that we'll hit 30 million in about 2030 BUT NOBODY knows where those 4 million are coming from OR HOW we'll get them enough water or how they will be able to turn on the lights. He's what I really like about your work Peter. You've opened my eyes to demographics. If you look up the Australian Bureau of Statistics there's a page for the population clock and pyramid. Its got an interactive pyramid where you can see what's been going on since 1981 but with projections going onto 2071. When you use the interactive features of that page there's a really interesting thing that happens and I wouldn't know about it if it wasn't for YOU - so big thanks. Here's what I found In the data for 2022, which is based on the last census in 2021 (so its real data), there's a noticeable notch in our population pyramid for older teenagers (16-19). According to the projections (notice how the color changes) that notch magically disappears. That would mean Australia thinks it can magically pull 40,000 teenagers out of thin air. Which is odd because I thought to make a 20 year old took 20 years 9 months and 5 minutes if your quick and 30 minutes if you have some endurance.
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  37. WTF - DOES ANYONE EXPECT. This stuff is going on EVERYWHERE because people have finally had enough of the very top 1% and to a lesser extent the next 9% pocketing ridiculous amounts of money and paying no tax because they can afford to hide it. The middle and working classes HAVE HAD ENOUGH of executives taking multi-million dollar bonuses and pay-outs while the rest of us suffer. Here in Australia ONLY WEEKS AGO Alan Joyce the out going CEO of QANTAS got over $20 million as a final bonus. By his own words QANTAS would not have survived the COVID Pandemic had not the people of Australia bailed them out. Worse his actions in dumping employees during that crisis has since been deemed illegal. Back in 2008 there was Branko Milanovic's infamous Elephant Graph that showed how the Top 1% had won huge while the rest of us suffered. After that there was the 2019 RAND Report that showed the TOP 1% in America had made almost US$50 Trillion since the mid 1970s up until 2018. In 2022 Bernie Sanders had the US Congressional Budget Office update its family wealth report and it now includes data up until 2019. That Report shows that not only have the Top 10% who caused the GFC and were bailed out HAVE RECOVERED and are now over 21% UP on where they were in 2007. MEANWHILE the BOTTOM 50% of America have not only NOT RECOVERED from the GFC they didn't cause they are still DOWN over 21% from where they were before the GFC. MAYBE and it sonly a suggestion that some of you analyst types NOT ACT SURPRISED when people finally go nuts after being treated like crap for 30+ years.
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  46.  @timstewart2468  Sorry for the long replay. The whole subject of bringing processing back and manufacturing back always comes down to one single thing - ENERGY. The single biggest difference between modern society and previous societies in ENERGY. No matter what anyone wants to claim it all comes down to energy - how much is available at what cost. Access to raw materials, education & labor all matter but nowhere near as important as energy. The claims about labor cost are pathetic as labor cost hasn't mattered in decades. All the talk of labor costs are just lies and misdirection. I have been looking at the energy thing ever since I did this small consulting job circa 2016. I thought Australia had serious issues and then started looking around. Its serious everywhere. The biggest problem by far are people called economists. Its a long story and it actually goes back to a very small group of radical libertarians in the Bush White House in the late 80s who stalled everything and ran interference and ran scare campaigns. Its actually had nothing to do with climate. These were (and still are) people who believed that ANY government program except the military was a bad thing and needed to be stomped on. Bottom line is, YES we can do what's needed problem is due to the stupidity of these economists its now going to cost stunning amounts that will be measured in double digit Trillions (no joke). Australia with all of 26 million people is facing a cost of between $200 billion and over a trillion if its managed badly. Imagine the costs for bigger populations. Then there's the Greenies, who do mean well, but are insanely ignorant of engineering reality. They're right, places like Australia have some staggeringly good geography for both wind and solar. The problem is those places are inconvenient. We have the Great Australian Bite which is exposed to the Roaring 40s where the wind varies between gale force and cyclonic. Its like the Orkney's (off the Scottish coast) have so much wind they don't know what to do with it. We need mechanisms to transport & store energy and that has been stalled for over 30 years because it wasn't convenient to a few people with influence. Plus and the Greenies need to eat this one big time, NOT every country has great geography. In fact most countries suck for wind and solar and they are going to need to get the energy from other sources and that includes the 'N" stuff (🫢 shhhh!). Because of their ignorance the Greenies are their own worst enemy. My favorite gag on other engineers (mech, chem, civ,...) is to ask them how electricity works. Its how I get rooms full of engineers to shut up by making them look stupid. The Greenies are levels of dumber than the lowest of engineers who are the civil engineers. I call them "shovel monkeys" because other other than digging holes to fill with concrete they don't much else. They get confused when water wont flow uphill. So consider where the Greenies are. So imagine what its like trying to explain to politicians what needs doing when they economist screaming in one ear and greenies the other ear? Its a shitfest and when the media get involved it goes from shitfest to hyper-shitfest faster than any of Einstein's predictions. As for a safe place to discuss any of this, I believe there's a small town way out past the town of Burke NSW called the "Back of Burke". It has a sister city named "Idontknow" in a country called Biddleonia.
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  50. On manufacturing Peter's again right about a couple of things and totally wrong on others. Yes Tesla is making the chassis (the frame of the car) out of Aluminum, but the casting process they are using is is state of the art and very cost effective. I watched a video where it was explained and even though I am not an Elon Musk fan in any way some of his engineers know their shite and know it very well. The original concept for the Tesla Roadster came from a couple of very smart guys who knew what they wanted. They were not restrained by the business practices of the major manufacturers and were incredibly innovative. Elon himself has, despite his claims, had fark all to really do with the car, which is why its pretty decent. The same can be said about SpaceX. I have had a ride in one and it was excellent. Elon himself is a shite engineer but what he is utterly brilliant at is identifying technical opportunities and exploiting them. Where peter is misunderstanding some of the manufacturing is that thing engines and gear boxes and differentials are not cheap items in a build process. There's precision castings, precision bearings, cam shafts, valves, head assemblies, crankshafts, pumps and gears and all sorts of stuff to make a drive train. Teslas have a battery and an electric motor. So it has more expensive materials but its also a lot simpler to make. and install the drive train. But I also think Peter is dead right and that because of the available supplies we wont see a lot of long haul trucks or farm machinery go electric for a long time. He is dead right that its a massive task that a lot of people have badly misread.
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