Comments by "Bruce Tucker" (@brucetucker4847) on "TIKhistory" channel.

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  4. Grant did not have the authority to address the political issues of the war. When he demanded unconditional surrender, it meant something entirely different from what we're talking about here: that the military forces - not the government behind them - he had defeated would have to surrender and become prisoners of war rather than being granted terms that would allow them to leave their hopeless position and either rejoin the enemy army or be allowed to return to their homes on parole. That practice - the offering of terms to surrounded garrisons that would allow them to return to their own side - had ended by the time of WW2. Interestingly, Lee's surrender at Appomattox - which was a surrender of his army, not an end to the war or a surrender of all Confederate forces - was NOT unconditional. Lee's soldiers were allowed to return to their homes after giving their parole not to engage in further rebellion, they were not required to take an oath of loyalty to the Union at that time, and officers were allowed to keep their sidearms and personal baggage. At that point Grant realized the war was effectively over and there was little practical threat of the soldiers rejoining the Confederate forces, so there was no point to marching them into prison camps. But those terms applied only to soldiers who were still with Lee's army at the end. Two of my great-great-grandfathers who had been captured earlier (but after the prisoner exchange system had broken down) were held for several months after the war, one at Fort Delaware and one at Libbie Prison in Richmond, which had formerly been used to house Union officer prisoners. The latter's family lived in Richmond (where I grew up) and my mother told me her grandmother had told her stories about trying to throw bread to her father through the upper story windows along with other children because the Federals were still starving the prisoners in revenge for the treatment of Union prisoners at Andersonville.
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