Comments by "John Burns" (@johnburns4017) on "Engineering Explained" channel.

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  12. Pablo Ricardo de Tarragon Laser ign can project FOUR sparks deeps inside a combustion chamber, which is ideal for a rotary with its moving combustion chamber. NATO want to standardise on fuel HFO. It can be spark ignited by preheating it. Rotaries in R&D have excellent thermal efficiencies when run at constant speeds. Those 4 deck high Wartsila Suzler engines when needing overhauling means the ship is dock, which means down time which costs. Ship and moreso cruise ship operators do as much maintenance as possible under way. They even paint the sides of the ship when in a calling port. They want the ship in dock only for essential dry dock maintenance like azipods, props or the keel. Some ship's designers are looking ahead and favouring larger rotary engines in banks (slide out modules say 1.5 metre by 1.5 metre complete with generator) in cruise ships. Rotaries are one third of the size and weight for the same power output. The smoothness is a great asset in passenger accommodation. Rotaries scale up seamlessly. The rotary genset modules can be phased in, in stages to what the ship's demand is, rather than running these massive Sultzer engines when there is low demand. Then they can slide out a genset module in port and slide one in, which will take a few hours. The genset module in port can be overhauled onshore and the ship continues with no down time maximising efficiencies. These big diesel engines are also filthy. Such huge ships emit as many air pollutants as five million cars going the same distance. "Southampton, which has Britain’s second largest container port and is Europe’s busiest cruise terminal, is one of nine UK cities cited by the World Health Organisation as breaching air quality guidelines even though it has little manufacturing." http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/21/the-worlds-largest-cruise-ship-and-its-supersized-pollution-problem Some companies are running the cruise ships on LPG to reduce pollution. Rotaries as constant speed gensets are also very good at burning hydrogen. The thermal efficiency of these diesels is because they run at constant speeds. Car engines do not, so efficiency is very low with cars. You are right, in a rational world petrol engines are obsolete and electric is the way. The best range extenders for cars are rotaries with the new R&D very promising superior performance over piston/crank engines. They can be easily hidden in cars being one third of the size and weight, which is a fantastic attribute. Also, as range-extenders are part time engines the efficiency is not a great point - as they will be rarely used. Size weight and smoothness matters. But at a constant speed a rotary with the new advances running as its 'sweet spot' exceeds piston/crank engines. The rotary does not like being revved up and down. Rotaries do not have sealing problems that is myth from 50 years ago.
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  14. Pablo Ricardo de Tarragon LPG is not unsafe. It may be problematic in certain failure conditions. But the failure conditions can be accounted for with safety mechanism put in place. In the early days of petrol there was explosions and fires all over. Heavy fuel oil only caught on because of reduced insurance costs. Now we know how to store, transport and use petrol. Cruise ships, and other ships, ARE using LPG right now. It is a hell of a lot cleaner and stops people preventing them entering places like Venice on pollution grounds. Look at this article about the burning of heavy oil by large cruise ships. It is a big problem. http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/21/the-worlds-largest-cruise-ship-and-its-supersized-pollution-problem Ships designers are looking at dispensing with those old huge diesel engines and going over to phased in genset modules for reasons I have already outlined. Reducing downtime, and maintenance costs on a cruiser most than offsets higher fuel costs, if there is any. As to road vehicles, the market has to go over to series-hybrids driven by high efficiency electric motors. Small to average sized cars can have a Lith battery bank that will give 300 miles range. The part time range-extender has to be 'physically small' to fit in the car, and smooth. That is where the rotary comes in. Forget the tripe about seals lasting a few years. A modern rotary using the latest advances used as a constant speed genset will last and last. Many go way over 100,000 miles. As as range-extender it is only a part time engine it will last the life of the car. Rotaries do not like to be revved up and down. Fuel economy and emissions suffer. When they are they did have seal lift off as one chamber can have more pressure than the adjacent chamber (although this has been rectified by some makers). Running them at a constant speed just above the seal lift off speed solves a lot. Rotaries suffered though unburnt fuel in the exhaust. Multi-point lazer ign solves that. Designed to run a constant speed then the design is much easier to maximise fuel economy and give superior emissions as most is a constant. Mazda are R&Ding a rotary engine now. They say it will be out next year for the 50th year of the Cosmo, their first rotary car. UAVs use rotaries because of their small size and light weight which is a great advantage in a plane.
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