Comments by "John Burns" (@johnburns4017) on "Engineering Explained"
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Pablo Ricardo de Tarragon
Laser ign can project FOUR sparks deeps inside a combustion chamber, which is ideal for a rotary with its moving combustion chamber. NATO want to standardise on fuel HFO. It can be spark ignited by preheating it. Rotaries in R&D have excellent thermal efficiencies when run at constant speeds.
Those 4 deck high Wartsila Suzler engines when needing overhauling means the ship is dock, which means down time which costs. Ship and moreso cruise ship operators do as much maintenance as possible under way. They even paint the sides of the ship when in a calling port. They want the ship in dock only for essential dry dock maintenance like azipods, props or the keel. Some ship's designers are looking ahead and favouring larger rotary engines in banks (slide out modules say 1.5 metre by 1.5 metre complete with generator) in cruise ships. Rotaries are one third of the size and weight for the same power output. The smoothness is a great asset in passenger accommodation. Rotaries scale up seamlessly.
The rotary genset modules can be phased in, in stages to what the ship's demand is, rather than running these massive Sultzer engines when there is low demand. Then they can slide out a genset module in port and slide one in, which will take a few hours. The genset module in port can be overhauled onshore and the ship continues with no down time maximising efficiencies.
These big diesel engines are also filthy. Such huge ships emit as many air pollutants as five million cars going the same distance.
"Southampton, which has Britain’s second largest container port and is Europe’s busiest cruise terminal, is one of nine UK cities cited by the World Health Organisation as breaching air quality guidelines even though it has little manufacturing."
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/21/the-worlds-largest-cruise-ship-and-its-supersized-pollution-problem
Some companies are running the cruise ships on LPG to reduce pollution. Rotaries as constant speed gensets are also very good at burning hydrogen.
The thermal efficiency of these diesels is because they run at constant speeds. Car engines do not, so efficiency is very low with cars.
You are right, in a rational world petrol engines are obsolete and electric is the way. The best range extenders for cars are rotaries with the new R&D very promising superior performance over piston/crank engines. They can be easily hidden in cars being one third of the size and weight, which is a fantastic attribute. Also, as range-extenders are part time engines the efficiency is not a great point - as they will be rarely used. Size weight and smoothness matters. But at a constant speed a rotary with the new advances running as its 'sweet spot' exceeds piston/crank engines. The rotary does not like being revved up and down.
Rotaries do not have sealing problems that is myth from 50 years ago.
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