Comments by "Sar Jim" (@sarjim4381) on "Forgotten Weapons"
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The Cook brothers are considered two of the heroes of the Confederacy. Even though they were both from England, they adopted the Confederate cause after they moved to New Orleans in the 1850's. Ferdinand married a New Orleans woman, Mary Jane Wilcox, described as "one of the fairest belles of the City", in 1852. He moved to New Orleans after the marriage and was later followed by his brother Francis some time in 1855. Athey were representatives of Novelty Iron works of New York City, where they worked from about 1850 until the outbreak of the war. The company manufactured mostly cotton and sugar machinery, so locating in New Orleans was a logical move. Both brothers learned engineering and metalworking at Novelty, then regarded as one of the finest machinery companies in the nation. There was also another brother, Frederick, who ended up in New Orleans, and Francis and Frederic established the Belleville Iron Works in Algiers, outside New Orleans. They made mostly agricultural equipment, but also spent some time making prototype rifles in hopes of selling them to the US Army. They even wrote to then US Secretary of War Jefferson Davis in 1856 about establishing an arms factory in the South since none then existed. Of course, that suited the Union fine, so nothing ever came of it. When the Civil War began, Ferdinand resigned his position with novelty and it appears Frederick made his way back to New York since he was a Union sympathizer. The remaining two brothers, Ferdinand and Francis, set to work immediately converting the Belleville company to producing rifles. The company was renamed Cook and Brother and a new factory, initially the Nashua Iron Works, was established in New Orleans. Although I don't know for sure, I assume the Belleville factory was sold to help finance the new rifle company/
The removal of the rifle company to Athens had some of the same heroics as the Russians removing their factories in the face of the advancing Nazis. I could write a book on that alone, and this is already getting close enoough to a book. The brothers had no intention of going through that turmoil again. They reserved at least 250 of their rifles for a local defense company to defend the plant and the Athens area when it was clear that the Union forces would make their way through Georgia. They even made a few small artillery pieces. The plant defense force did fight the Union forces as part of a larger local militia at Griswoldville, GA and Hardeeville SC, and several factory workers were killed in the battles. As Ian said, Ferdinand gave his life for the Confederacy on December 11, 1864, stuck down by a Union sniper during the Hardeeville battles.
After the War ended, Francis managed to get a Federal pardon after spending some time in Union custody because he was a Confederate officer. Because he was a British subject, he managed to escape imprisonment as a traitor. Even though he managed to stave off several years of attempts by US Marshals to seize the factory, the local sheriff auctioned it off in 1868 to pay of the company's substantial debts that were never made good due to the collapse of the Confederacy. The buildings and grounds were purchased by the Athens Manufacturing Company and used as a cotton mill. To the best of my knowledge, the factory burned to the ground sometime in the 1890's. Ferdinand gave his life and Francis gave his fortune, both for the Lost Cause.
The only reason I know some of these details is the brothers are distant relatives. As far as I can tell from my genealogy program, they would be cousins six times removed. I found out some of the information while researching that line of the family. As you might imagine, I'd love to have one of the Cook and Brother rifles. Unfortunately, I don't have a spare $30,0000 readily at hand.
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This was also the last use of gliders by the Germans. Only 12 of the 22 gliders dispatched against Vassieux-en-Vercors actually landed in the right place, with the rest either landing too far to the north or crashing upon landing. Thus, the actual numbers of German troops (who were mostly Russian or Ukrainian) were combat effective upon landing numbered only about 150 of the 400 dispatched. It showed once again why glider operations were just not effective, especially in terms of the numbers of troops lost as part of the operation, and the difficult of piloting gliders to a specific spot.
The biggest problem for the Marqui was their almost complete lack of heavy weapons. Air dropping artillery and the attendant ammunition was impossible in 1944, but the air drop operation did include at least 14 British 3" mortars and somewhere between 2 and 5 4.2" mortars, along with at least 150 bombs for each mortar. These should have provided enough mortars to stop or significantly delay the German advance up the Massif. Unfortunately, all those containers, dropped from one B-17, landed among the Germans, who retrieved them and turned the mortars against the Marquis and the civilians in the villages on the plateau. On such events does the turn of many a battle come.
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While two battleships were ordered by the Ottoman Empire, only one of the seized vessels, Reşadiye, was from that order. Fatih Sultan Mehmed, the second ship, wasn't even ordered until April, 1914, and laid down in June, just before the outbreak of war, so there was no chance it would even have been delivered. The second ship was the Brazilian Rio de Janeiro, sold to Ottomans in 1913 and renamed Sultan Osman I. She was just finishing sea trials and was ready to be turned over to a Turkish crew when Churchill decided to seize both Turkish vessels. This almost led to open warfare on the docks of Newcastle, as the Turkish captain and 500 crewman threatened to take the ship by force. Churchill ordered the ship held by force if necessary, and it was only the Turkish lack of arms that allowed a negotiated settlement. The Sultan Osman I was renamed Agincourt and added to the Royal Navy. She was an impressive looking ship, which is what the Brazilians wanted. Her seven 12" twin turrets had the most main battery turrets of any dreadnought, and the twenty 6" guns of her secondary battery were the heaviest of any dreadnought ever built. The seizure of these ships, especially since they were both paid in full, caused an uproar in Turkey, and was one of the events that saw the Ottoman Empire declaring war on the side of the Germans.
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I'd love to go but since i'd be traveling by myself, $3375 plus a $580 supplement for a single room on a seven day tour is completely out of my price range. Dinner is only included on the first night. Breakfast I'm sure are the typical continental breakfasts included with the hotel charge. There's no mention of the star rating of hotels, just "first class accommodations". That can mean a wide range of things in Europe. Most tours will say something like two or three star hotels so you have a better idea of what to expect. Mycost would be $565 a day not including lunch or dinner. That will easily be another $25 euros per day in any kind of decent neighborhood restaurants, and a lot more in tourist places. I'd have to add air fare from the US to Brussels and then back from Paris.
There's an 11 day tour at the end of June covering many of the same points but with two days in Paris and more time at some of the battlefields. It's all inclusive at four star hotels, unlimited non-alcoholic drinks on busses and at meals with a glass of beer or wine at lunch and dinner. The cost is $5,250, or $480 day. The minimum cost for your tour with meals is $507. Even the single room supplement is $52 a day on the 11 day compared to $82 for your tour, and September is the low season in Europe. I'm retired on a mostly fixed income. I'd really like to go, get to meet you, and hear your narration, but the cost is just too high for what's essentially a budget tour.
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