Comments by "" (@AA-js8yx) on "Only Human"
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@Sasher Robinson IT IS NOT INCEST
"Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small," said Eamonn Sheridan, a senior lecturer in clinical genetics at the University of Leeds who co-led the study and presented its results at a briefing in London. He added that this still means 96 percent of blood-relative couples are likely to have babies with no birth defects: "It's important to note that the vast majority of babies born to couples who are blood relatives are absolutely fine." - reuters(dot)com
But the risks apply primarily to couples who are carriers of disorders that are normally very, very rare, Bittles explained. "For over 90% of cousin marriages, their risk [of having a child with a genetic abnormality] is the same as it is for the general population," he said. - EurekAlert! eurekalert(dot)org/pub_releases/2012-04/nesc-wnm042512(dot)php
Sexual activity between two people who are very closely related in a family, for example, a brother and sister, or a father and daughter. - Oxford Dictionary
"Consanguinity unions or marriages usually involve individuals who are cousin and they can be considered to be different from incestuous unions that involve primary relatives such as parent-child, siblings, or uncle-niece." - Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology, Volume 63. By Alan H. Bittles. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-78186-2. 2012
The report made a point of saying that the term "incest" should not be applied to cousins, but only to sexual relations between siblings or between parents and children. Babies who result from those unions are thought to be at significantly higher risk of genetic problems, the report said, but there is not enough data to be sure. - New York Times 2002
nytimes(dot)com/2002/04/03/health/no-genetic-reason-to-discourage-cousin-marriage-study-finds(dot)html
That doesn't necessarily mean cousins should be banned from marrying or that a court would uphold a ban on marriages between cousins, said Joanna Grossman, a law professor at Hofstra University, who has written about incest. "I don't think there is a justification for the cousin marriage ban," she said - ABC News abcnews(dot)go(dot)com/TheLaw/story?id=4799115&page=1
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This video doesn't represent the whole picture. Where are the other families? Stop exaggerating! 96% of the children are normal in British Pakistani Community. It is NOT INCEST.
Called "Born in Bradford" or BiB, the study was the largest of its type ever conducted and looked at more than 11,300 babies in the northern English city of Bradford between 2007 and 2011. Among the Pakistani subgroup, they found 77 percent of babies born with birth defects were born to parents who were in blood-relative marriages. The researchers found the overall rate of birth defects in the BiB babies - which included largely white British and Pakistani mothers but also other ethnic groups - was approximately 3.0 percent, nearly double the national rate of around 1.7 percent. - reuters(dot)com
“Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small,” -Eamonn Sheridan, reuters(dot)com
Now, a detailed analysis of the issue involving over 11,000 children, born out of consanguineous marriages, revealed congenital anomalies in 386 of them. This figure of 3 per cent contrasts with the 1.6 per cent in children born of out of non-blood-relations unions - DR. Balasubramanian, thehindu(dot)com
But the risks apply primarily to couples who are carriers of disorders that are normally very, very rare, Bittles explained. "For over 90% of cousin marriages, their risk [of having a child with a genetic abnormality] is the same as it is for the general population," he said. - EurekAlert! eurekalert(dot)org/pub_releases/2012-04/nesc-wnm042512(dot)php
"Consanguinity unions or marriages usually involve individuals who are cousin and they can be considered to be different from incestuous unions that involve primary relatives such as parent-child, siblings, or uncle-niece." - Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology, Volume 63. By Alan H. Bittles. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-78186-2. 2012
The report made a point of saying that the term "incest" should not be applied to cousins, but only to sexual relations between siblings or between parents and children. Babies who result from those unions are thought to be at significantly higher risk of genetic problems, the report said, but there is not enough data to be sure. - New York Times 2002
nytimes(dot)com/2002/04/03/health/no-genetic-reason-to-discourage-cousin-marriage-study-finds(dot)html
That doesn't necessarily mean cousins should be banned from marrying or that a court would uphold a ban on marriages between cousins, said Joanna Grossman, a law professor at Hofstra University, who has written about incest. "I don't think there is a justification for the cousin marriage ban," she said - ABC News abcnews(dot)go(dot)com/TheLaw/story?id=4799115&page=1
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@Cyril You don't understand. The increased risk is 2-3%. So, the number should be 15,000 to 23,000.
46,000 are not always caused by consanguinious marriage. I know that the risk is increasing to the family that is practicing it for generations. And it's not incest in Britain because it's is allowed by law. The term 'incest' is used if it's banned by law.
The study identifed parental consanguinity as a statistically signifcant risk factor for congenital anomalies,
independent of socio-economic deprivation: parental consanguinity increased the risk for congenital abnormalities by 2 percent, an elevated risk similar to that for British mothers aged over thirty-four years.
In much of this reporting, too, the extent of the risk is presented
in an alarming manner. The ‘doubling’ of a background risk is frequently stressed, but in absolute terms, this amounts to an approximately 4–6 per cent, rather than 2–3 per cent, risk of an affected child (Bennett et al. 2002; Firth and Hurst 2005; chapter two, this volume). If this risk is about equivalent to the risk of a woman over thirty-four years of age having a child with a congenital or genetic abnormality, this hardly justifes a public health policy aimed at discouraging cousin marriage.
In the House of Lords debate (21 April 2008), one questioner asked the then health minister if some ethnic communities have a higher risk than others; Lord Darzi’s response was ‘no’, that the risk is ‘double’ the background risk, but that this is low.
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@Cyril The study identifed parental consanguinity as a statistically signifcant risk factor for congenital anomalies,
independent of socio-economic deprivation: parental consanguinity increased the risk for congenital abnormalities by 2 percent, an elevated risk similar to that for British mothers aged over thirty-four years.
In much of this reporting, too, the extent of the risk is presented
in an alarming manner. The ‘doubling’ of a background risk is frequently stressed, but in absolute terms, this amounts to an approximately 4–6 per cent, rather than 2–3 per cent, risk of an affected child (Bennett et al. 2002; Firth and Hurst 2005; chapter two, this volume). If this risk is about equivalent to the risk of a woman over thirty-four years of age having a child with a congenital or genetic abnormality, this hardly justifes a public health policy aimed at discouraging cousin marriage.
In the House of Lords debate (21 April 2008), one questioner asked the then health minister if some ethnic communities have a higher risk than others; Lord Darzi’s response was ‘no’, that the risk is ‘double’ the background risk, but that this is low.
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This video doesn't represent the whole picture. Where are the other families? Stop exaggerating! 96% of the children are normal in British Pakistani Community. It is NOT INCEST.
Called "Born in Bradford" or BiB, the study was the largest of its type ever conducted and looked at more than 11,300 babies in the northern English city of Bradford between 2007 and 2011. Among the Pakistani subgroup, they found 77 percent of babies born with birth defects were born to parents who were in blood-relative marriages. The researchers found the overall rate of birth defects in the BiB babies - which included largely white British and Pakistani mothers but also other ethnic groups - was approximately 3.0 percent, nearly double the national rate of around 1.7 percent. - reuters(dot)com
“Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small,” -Eamonn Sheridan, reuters(dot)com
Now, a detailed analysis of the issue involving over 11,000 children, born out of consanguineous marriages, revealed congenital anomalies in 386 of them. This figure of 3 per cent contrasts with the 1.6 per cent in children born of out of non-blood-relations unions - DR. Balasubramanian, thehindu(dot)com
But the risks apply primarily to couples who are carriers of disorders that are normally very, very rare, Bittles explained. "For over 90% of cousin marriages, their risk [of having a child with a genetic abnormality] is the same as it is for the general population," he said. - EurekAlert! eurekalert(dot)org/pub_releases/2012-04/nesc-wnm042512(dot)php
"Consanguinity unions or marriages usually involve individuals who are cousin and they can be considered to be different from incestuous unions that involve primary relatives such as parent-child, siblings, or uncle-niece." - Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology, Volume 63. By Alan H. Bittles. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-78186-2. 2012
The report made a point of saying that the term "incest" should not be applied to cousins, but only to sexual relations between siblings or between parents and children. Babies who result from those unions are thought to be at significantly higher risk of genetic problems, the report said, but there is not enough data to be sure. - New York Times 2002
nytimes(dot)com/2002/04/03/health/no-genetic-reason-to-discourage-cousin-marriage-study-finds(dot)html
That doesn't necessarily mean cousins should be banned from marrying or that a court would uphold a ban on marriages between cousins, said Joanna Grossman, a law professor at Hofstra University, who has written about incest. "I don't think there is a justification for the cousin marriage ban," she said - ABC News abcnews(dot)go(dot)com/TheLaw/story?id=4799115&page=1
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You looks smart enough to say that, but you are actually not.
The possible mandatory prohibition of consanguineous marriage apparently approved by the Drafting Committee and accepted by the ASHG Board of Directors contradicts the 1970 conclusion of the US National Conference of Commissioners that state laws banning first-cousin marriage lacked scientific foundation and should be repealed. It also is at odds with the 2002 Recommendations by the US National Society of Genetic Counselors that, other than supplemental neonatal screening by tandem mass spectrometry at one week of age and hearing screening at three months, the progeny of first-or second-cousin couples did not require additional preconception, prenatal or postnatal testing (Bennett, Motulsky et al., 2002). - Consanguinity in Context by Alan Bittles, ISBN 9781139015844, DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139015844
The situation with respect to consanguineous marriage in the USA remains confused and confusing, with little evidence of consistency or logic in the legislation. Perhaps the most surprising facet is the persistence of prohibitions on first-cousin marriage, which is contrary to a unanimous recommendation by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1970 that these marriages should be freely permitted in the USA, a recommendation that subsequently was approved by the American Bar Association in 1974 (Glendon, 1989). The Commissioners had additionally recommended that uncle–niece marriages should be permitted in indigenous cultures where they were customary, with Native American, Alaskan and Hawaiian communities specifically identified. But once again, little action appears to have been initiated on these recommendations. - Consanguinity in Context by Alan Bittles, ISBN 9781139015844, DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139015844
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This video doesn't represent the whole picture. Where are the other families? Stop exaggerating! 96% of the children are normal in British Pakistani Community. It is NOT INCEST.
Called "Born in Bradford" or BiB, the study was the largest of its type ever conducted and looked at more than 11,300 babies in the northern English city of Bradford between 2007 and 2011. Among the Pakistani subgroup, they found 77 percent of babies born with birth defects were born to parents who were in blood-relative marriages. The researchers found the overall rate of birth defects in the BiB babies - which included largely white British and Pakistani mothers but also other ethnic groups - was approximately 3.0 percent, nearly double the national rate of around 1.7 percent. - reuters(dot)com
“Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small,” -Eamonn Sheridan, reuters(dot)com
Now, a detailed analysis of the issue involving over 11,000 children, born out of consanguineous marriages, revealed congenital anomalies in 386 of them. This figure of 3 per cent contrasts with the 1.6 per cent in children born of out of non-blood-relations unions - DR. Balasubramanian, thehindu(dot)com
But the risks apply primarily to couples who are carriers of disorders that are normally very, very rare, Bittles explained. "For over 90% of cousin marriages, their risk [of having a child with a genetic abnormality] is the same as it is for the general population," he said. - EurekAlert! eurekalert(dot)org/pub_releases/2012-04/nesc-wnm042512(dot)php
"Consanguinity unions or marriages usually involve individuals who are cousin and they can be considered to be different from incestuous unions that involve primary relatives such as parent-child, siblings, or uncle-niece." - Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology, Volume 63. By Alan H. Bittles. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-78186-2. 2012
The report made a point of saying that the term "incest" should not be applied to cousins, but only to sexual relations between siblings or between parents and children. Babies who result from those unions are thought to be at significantly higher risk of genetic problems, the report said, but there is not enough data to be sure. - New York Times 2002
nytimes(dot)com/2002/04/03/health/no-genetic-reason-to-discourage-cousin-marriage-study-finds(dot)html
That doesn't necessarily mean cousins should be banned from marrying or that a court would uphold a ban on marriages between cousins, said Joanna Grossman, a law professor at Hofstra University, who has written about incest. "I don't think there is a justification for the cousin marriage ban," she said - ABC News abcnews(dot)go(dot)com/TheLaw/story?id=4799115&page=1
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This video doesn't represent the whole picture. Where are the other families? Stop exaggerating! 96-97% of the children are normal in British Pakistani Community.
Called "Born in Bradford" or BiB, the study was the largest of its type ever conducted and looked at more than 11,300 babies in the northern English city of Bradford between 2007 and 2011. Among the Pakistani subgroup, they found 77 percent of babies born with birth defects were born to parents who were in blood-relative marriages. The researchers found the overall rate of birth defects in the BiB babies - which included largely white British and Pakistani mothers but also other ethnic groups - was approximately 3.0 percent, nearly double the national rate of around 1.7 percent. - reuters(dot)com
“Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small,” -Eamonn Sheridan, reuters(dot)com
Now, a detailed analysis of the issue involving over 11,000 children, born out of consanguineous marriages, revealed congenital anomalies in 386 of them. This figure of 3 per cent contrasts with the 1.6 per cent in children born of out of non-blood-relations unions - DR. Balasubramanian, thehindu(dot)com
But the risks apply primarily to couples who are carriers of disorders that are normally very, very rare, Bittles explained. "For over 90% of cousin marriages, their risk [of having a child with a genetic abnormality] is the same as it is for the general population," he said. - EurekAlert! eurekalert(dot)org/pub_releases/2012-04/nesc-wnm042512(dot)php
"Consanguinity unions or marriages usually involve individuals who are cousin and they can be considered to be different from incestuous unions that involve primary relatives such as parent-child, siblings, or uncle-niece." - Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology, Volume 63. By Alan H. Bittles. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-78186-2. 2012
The report made a point of saying that the term "incest" should not be applied to cousins, but only to sexual relations between siblings or between parents and children. Babies who result from those unions are thought to be at significantly higher risk of genetic problems, the report said, but there is not enough data to be sure. - New York Times 2002
nytimes(dot)com/2002/04/03/health/no-genetic-reason-to-discourage-cousin-marriage-study-finds(dot)html
That doesn't necessarily mean cousins should be banned from marrying or that a court would uphold a ban on marriages between cousins, said Joanna Grossman, a law professor at Hofstra University, who has written about incest. "I don't think there is a justification for the cousin marriage ban," she said - ABC News abcnews(dot)go(dot)com/TheLaw/story?id=4799115&page=1
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This video doesn't represent the whole picture. Where are the other families? Stop exaggerating! 96-97% of the children are normal in British Pakistani Community.
Called "Born in Bradford" or BiB, the study was the largest of its type ever conducted and looked at more than 11,300 babies in the northern English city of Bradford between 2007 and 2011. Among the Pakistani subgroup, they found 77 percent of babies born with birth defects were born to parents who were in blood-relative marriages. The researchers found the overall rate of birth defects in the BiB babies - which included largely white British and Pakistani mothers but also other ethnic groups - was approximately 3.0 percent, nearly double the national rate of around 1.7 percent. - reuters(dot)com
“Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small,” -Eamonn Sheridan, reuters(dot)com
Now, a detailed analysis of the issue involving over 11,000 children, born out of consanguineous marriages, revealed congenital anomalies in 386 of them. This figure of 3 per cent contrasts with the 1.6 per cent in children born of out of non-blood-relations unions - DR. Balasubramanian, thehindu(dot)com
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This video doesn't represent the whole picture. Where are the other families? Stop exaggerating! 96% of the children are normal in British Pakistani Community. It is NOT INCEST.
Called "Born in Bradford" or BiB, the study was the largest of its type ever conducted and looked at more than 11,300 babies in the northern English city of Bradford between 2007 and 2011. Among the Pakistani subgroup, they found 77 percent of babies born with birth defects were born to parents who were in blood-relative marriages. The researchers found the overall rate of birth defects in the BiB babies - which included largely white British and Pakistani mothers but also other ethnic groups - was approximately 3.0 percent, nearly double the national rate of around 1.7 percent. - reuters(dot)com
“Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small,” -Eamonn Sheridan, reuters(dot)com
Now, a detailed analysis of the issue involving over 11,000 children, born out of consanguineous marriages, revealed congenital anomalies in 386 of them. This figure of 3 per cent contrasts with the 1.6 per cent in children born of out of non-blood-relations unions - DR. Balasubramanian, thehindu(dot)com
But the risks apply primarily to couples who are carriers of disorders that are normally very, very rare, Bittles explained. "For over 90% of cousin marriages, their risk [of having a child with a genetic abnormality] is the same as it is for the general population," he said. - EurekAlert! eurekalert(dot)org/pub_releases/2012-04/nesc-wnm042512(dot)php
"Consanguinity unions or marriages usually involve individuals who are cousin and they can be considered to be different from incestuous unions that involve primary relatives such as parent-child, siblings, or uncle-niece." - Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology, Volume 63. By Alan H. Bittles. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-78186-2. 2012
The report made a point of saying that the term "incest" should not be applied to cousins, but only to sexual relations between siblings or between parents and children. Babies who result from those unions are thought to be at significantly higher risk of genetic problems, the report said, but there is not enough data to be sure. - New York Times 2002
nytimes(dot)com/2002/04/03/health/no-genetic-reason-to-discourage-cousin-marriage-study-finds(dot)html
That doesn't necessarily mean cousins should be banned from marrying or that a court would uphold a ban on marriages between cousins, said Joanna Grossman, a law professor at Hofstra University, who has written about incest. "I don't think there is a justification for the cousin marriage ban," she said - ABC News abcnews(dot)go(dot)com/TheLaw/story?id=4799115&page=1
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@tytraveling917 I do care. The problem is recessive gene. What if they are totally healthy?
Near Monsefu, Peru is a village named Eten. Until eighty years ago the (then) six hundred inhabitants of this town had preserved the purity of their blood from the time of the Spanish conquest. Every individual vowed not to wed outside of thegroup. Frequently, because of the difficulty of finding suitable mates, a brother and sister would marry. Despite this arrangement the people were "very healthy, with fine shapes, and in many instances very good-looking."
The people of the Pitcairn Islands were for a long time highly inbred. The entire population was descended from some of the famed mutineers of the Bounty. All of the islanders bornafter 1800 were the progeny of a group composed of one man, five women, and nineteen children. Yet the islanders exhibited "a truly remarkable freedom from physical and mental defects."
In 1907 there existed on Smith's Island in Chesapeake Bay a community of about seven hundred people. The members of this group had little contact with the mainland, and consanguineous marriages were "very frequent." As a result "nearly all" of the inhabitants were interrelated. Over thirty percent bore one surname, and the most common four surnames embraced fifty-nine percent of the population. Nevertheless, between September of 1904 and October of 1907 the local physician observed not one case of idiocy, insanity, deaf-mutism, hemophelia, or epilepsy on the island.
The town of Batz, near Le Croisic, France, is situated on apeninsula and was for many years shut off from the mainland by a salt marsh. In the year 1864 forty-six consanguineous unions existed there, though the total population was only 3,300. This situation was typical of that which had prevailed for a long period, since the town's location precluded much intercourse with outsiders. Nevertheless, in 1864 Batz contained "not a single individual afflicted with any malady or malformation or suffering from a disease of the mind."
Finally, at the turn of the twentieth century there existed a community of twelve hundred people in the Tengger Hills of Java who never married out of their community. This group had practiced close inbreeding for numerous generations, and yet the people were "bigger and stronger than any other race in Java."
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This video doesn't represent the whole picture. Where are the other families? Stop exaggerating! 96% of the children are normal in British Pakistani Community. It is NOT INCEST.
Called "Born in Bradford" or BiB, the study was the largest of its type ever conducted and looked at more than 11,300 babies in the northern English city of Bradford between 2007 and 2011. Among the Pakistani subgroup, they found 77 percent of babies born with birth defects were born to parents who were in blood-relative marriages. The researchers found the overall rate of birth defects in the BiB babies - which included largely white British and Pakistani mothers but also other ethnic groups - was approximately 3.0 percent, nearly double the national rate of around 1.7 percent. - reuters(dot)com
Now, a detailed analysis of the issue involving over 11,000 children, born out of consanguineous marriages, revealed congenital anomalies in 386 of them. This figure of 3 per cent contrasts with the 1.6 per cent in children born of out of non-blood-relations unions - DR. Balasubramanian, thehindu(dot)com
“Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small,” -Eamonn Sheridan, reuters(dot)com
But the risks apply primarily to couples who are carriers of disorders that are normally very, very rare, Bittles explained. "For over 90% of cousin marriages, their risk [of having a child with a genetic abnormality] is the same as it is for the general population," he said. - EurekAlert! eurekalert(dot)org/pub_releases/2012-04/nesc-wnm042512(dot)php
"Consanguinity unions or marriages usually involve individuals who are cousin and they can be considered to be different from incestuous unions that involve primary relatives such as parent-child, siblings, or uncle-niece." - Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology, Volume 63. By Alan H. Bittles. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-78186-2. 2012
The report made a point of saying that the term "incest" should not be applied to cousins, but only to sexual relations between siblings or between parents and children. Babies who result from those unions are thought to be at significantly higher risk of genetic problems, the report said, but there is not enough data to be sure. - New York Times 2002
nytimes(dot)com/2002/04/03/health/no-genetic-reason-to-discourage-cousin-marriage-study-finds(dot)html
That doesn't necessarily mean cousins should be banned from marrying or that a court would uphold a ban on marriages between cousins, said Joanna Grossman, a law professor at Hofstra University, who has written about incest. "I don't think there is a justification for the cousin marriage ban," she said - ABC News abcnews(dot)go(dot)com/TheLaw/story?id=4799115&page=1
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@mpv8mugambi let me tell you something about the risk. This video doesn't represent the whole picture.
Called "Born in Bradford" or BiB, the study was the largest of its type ever conducted and looked at more than 11,300 babies in the northern English city of Bradford between 2007 and 2011. Among the Pakistani subgroup, they found 77 percent of babies born with birth defects were born to parents who were in blood-relative marriages. The researchers found the overall rate of birth defects in the BiB babies - which included largely white British and Pakistani mothers but also other ethnic groups - was approximately 3.0 percent, nearly double the national rate of around 1.7 percent. - reuters(dot)com
“Whilst consanguineous marriage increases the risk of birth defect from 3 percent to 6 percent, the absolute risk is still small,” -Eamonn Sheridan, reuters(dot)com
Now, a detailed analysis of the issue involving over 11,000 children, born out of consanguineous marriages, revealed congenital anomalies in 386 of them. This figure of 3 per cent contrasts with the 1.6 per cent in children born of out of non-blood-relations unions - DR. Balasubramanian, thehindu(dot)com
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