Comments by "Nattygsbord" (@nattygsbord) on "Military History not Visualized" channel.

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  7. Sweden was effective and punched above its own weight. It did so because the government did not stand in opposition to local interests, like in Poland where centralization faced opposition from the nobility which wanted more decentralization and more power and money in their own hands. Self-interest did there come before common interest. So the large Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth became a very ineffective state when it came to resource extraction. Men could not be recruited to the army because noblemen wanted to keep their farmers working for them. Taxes could not be collected because of selfish reasons. In Sweden on the other hand things worked smoothly because the nobility and crown saw a common interest in their sacrifices. Winning wars meant more wealth and land for the nobility and more power for the country and King. Sweden was a poor country and the only way to get rich was to get access to the tax money of the state. So becoming a servant of the state and loyally serving under the King became the only way to get rich and gain power. So once again, did the interests of the monarchy and the nobility coincide. The King needed wealthy men who could afford study abroad and learn to write and calculate and speak foreign languages.. and the nobility could do that if they were allowed to keep some of their riches so they could afford to go abroad and study. And they were willing to sacrifices if they were rewarded with nice jobs in the military or the civilian administration. And the church worked together with the state to spread propaganda, collect taxes and to document how many men who were able for military service. The priests also became spokesmen on behalf of the local population of the villages they came from, and they could forward wishes and complaints on behalf of the people in their area. So the central power did through the priests have a direct link between the central power and local interests, and compromises could be negotiated that suited both the King and the local municipalities. Village people felt that they got their voice heard when they could influence government policy, and that reduced the risk of revolts, class struggles and war exhaustion, and revolutions. While the taxes extracted over time could be kept on a higher level than in other countries. So the Dutch and the Swedish state were able to punch above their own weight thanks to the central powers ability to negotiate with local interests. While countries like France did have a very ineffective government that could not extract resources to nearly the same degree - despite France is usually depicted as a centralized country under the sun King. So France did therefore punch below their own weigh when it came to tax extraction. And it would not be until Napoleon that this country would finally unleash its full potential. And when it finally did, then it became nearly unstoppable as the most populated country in Europe with very fertile farmland that offered a huge economic potential.
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  8. Don't worry, the Russian military have been the same for centuries. It simply cannot help itself. Its problems are so many and so overwhelming that only a small portion of them can be fixed within a decade in peace time. But Russia is not in peace time. Its best troops are dead since half a year ago, and you will need years before you can replace them. Much of Russias best equipment had been destroyed - and that Soviet made junk is something that Russia neither has the ability to produce and there are no one who knows how to build those advanced weapons anymore. And then on top of that are they struggeling with all the sanctions.... Their top down military doctrine has been idiotic and led to massive losses and defeats every war they have fought. But transitioning over to Auftragstaktik is so far fetched from traditional russian military thinking that a transition can never be easily done soon - and especially not in the middle of a war. The major flaws in the Russian military are so many that you cannot name them all. Their crappy logistics, their lack of coordination, their lack of personal iniative, the corruption, the crappy planning, the lack of professionalism, the lack of sequenceing , the mismatch of equipment and doctrine of the old Soviet military which could focused on winning over its enemy by quantity while Russia today is a country with severe demographic problems with falling birthrates... You have Putin who interferes in military operations by for example telling his tanks to rush towards Kyiv without infantry support in the beginning of this war - and the result became ambushes and catastrophic tank losses. You have soldiers who spends more time trying to find food and fuel by looting because of the crappy logistics in the Russian army, than they are spending time on preparing for battle. So this makes this unprofessional army ineffective in combat, and it destroy the good relation it wished it had with the civilian population which was supposed to see the Russian military as liberators. And stealing mobile phones not only makes an army hated - it have also allowed the Ukrainians to track down the same stolen phones and listen to Russian soldiers phone calls back home. And this allows them to hear about fighting morale among the Russian military and society, what the conditions are like, where the Russian troops are positioned, what the plans are and so on... And then are the russian military also relying on western tech like civlian GPS:es in their aircrafts. And the idea of forcing Ukrainians to become Russians by taking away their Ukrainian passports and force them to use Rubles and a Russian passport instead is about to backfire. Now you got a large russian speaking Ukrainian population that is very hostile towards russia which now have a russian passport and which can blend in perfectly with the russian population everywhere in Russia and can make sabotage behind enemy lines against military, political and industrial targets.
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  16.  @Fang70  But after having seen hundreds of videos with drone strikes its undeniable that drones have inflicted heavy tank losses. And Ukraines own losses have also been heavy due to drones, all archer artillery have been damaged due to drone strikes. And that both sides use cope cages can be a symptom of drones being a bigger threat than in previous wars. Hamas destruction of an Israeli Merkava could also indicate that a new threat dimension have entered into the battlefield even for the very safety minded israelis. The effectivness of top attacks has been known since World war 2. But when Sweden created the first top attack missile known as BILL56 did a new family of top attack missiles get born out of the same idea - such as the Swedish NLAW and the American Javelin. Sweden also started the development of smart artillery rounds like BONUS and Excalibur that with the combination of drone artillery observation have wrecked devestation on Russian tank forces. It is also a well known fact that the Soviet tanks have a weakspot in the top hull armor in the area around the turret. The armor there is very thin, and just under the thin skin lay the large auto-loader full with explosives. So one RPG hit there from a FPV drone could make the ammunition explode and send the turret up into space and leave the tank as a burning wreck with no survivors. So it is common to see Ukrainian drones target this area just in front of the turret or behind it. In the past was artillery not very accurate. There was no special precision ammunition, drone observed artillery and high quality guns capable of hitting targets so far away. Especially not moving targets. So tanks had a bit of safety in their mobility in the past. But not so much today as precision artillery have become a much more dangerous threat. FPV drones are also capable of hunting moving targets in a way that artillery never have been able to. And a cheap drone of 400 dollars is capable of destroying a tank by hitting the weakspot near the turret for example. Its said that the Ukrainian drones have little over a 50% hit rate. I guess that some drones hit and makes no damage, or just blow a track off so another drone easily can kill a vehicle. But still is this a very cost effective way of fighting a war. And one does not put ones own soldiers at risk of direct enemy fire. So I think the drone threat needs more consideration now. There are even disgusting videos one can watch how individual soldiers are hunted by fast drones that rams their victims with a RPG grenade. Even I have to feel sympathy for Ivan in that situation. War has become a dystopian nightmare with killer robots that can outcompete us humans in every way. That russian soldier I saw blew up had no chance to defend himself or run away - because the drones are much faster, nearly impossible to hit, impossible for a human to see in the dark, and now they are so cheap that they no longer just attack vehicles or troop concentrations but also individual soldiers. And the future will probably become even more horrible as AI, better sensors, and lowered costs for mass production will make those weapons cheaper and even more effective than today. The very fact that the Ukrainians have been able to hold the line this winter shows that drones are a powerful weapon. Holding the line would not have been possible when Ukraine was only able to fire 1000-2000 artillery rounds per day against a foe that fires 10.000 and have twice as many troops and much more armor. FPV drones have been an artillery substitute. Perhaps a bit like Stuka bombers and artillery partially could replace each other during world war 2. Of course can they not completely replace each other, as they both have strengths and weaknesses compared to each other. Drones are like I said more effective at hunting moving targets. But artillery is more reliable to use on rainy and windy days. And there is probably a reason why Ukraine desperatly begs the west for more artillery ammunition, and not only for more drones.
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  21. An Ukrainian combat nurse at Bakhmut said that 90% of the wounds she treated were from artillery shrapnel. So this is an artillery war. And perhaps even more so than previous wars. I believe that the numbers I seen from WW2 and most other major conflicts since have seen about 60-70% losses caused by artillery and about 15% from machine guns and other small arms. World war 1 was a big paradigmn shift since it was the first war where losses from artillery were bigger than those of handheld firearms. And the Germans were early to realize this and therefore had an advantage in firepower throuhout the war. The French Generals like Joffre were not stupid and also realized this, so he did desperatly urge the French government to invest more into heavy artillery before the war. But the French government were not interested in spending even more money on the military after it had just bought large amounts of 75mm guns with a high rate of fire, but which could only fire shots in a flat trajetory (and therefore being useless in trench warfare) and the shots it fired contained only small amounts of explosives and therefore made them useless to knock out strong fortresses. The German big guns like the 17cm had longer range, and each shot they fired contained much more explosives than a shot from the french guns... so just a small number of german guns could deliver a more deadly barrage than a hundred french guns. However, as famous the big German 17cm guns and big Bertha was... would however the most important weapon in the German arsenal be the mortars. Their range was shorter. But they were easier to transport and thanks to its short pipe that threw out grenades in slow speeds, were there no need for a thick metal casing for the ammunition like it was with howitzer ammunition. So that meants that mortar shells could contain more explosives instead of having a thick metal shell. So the explosive power of the german mortars were devestating. The biggest mortars could deliever many hundreds of kilos of explosives on a target with a single shot, and even the thickest fortifications stood no chance against this firepower.
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  22.  @nobodyherepal3292  I am impressed by the German army in World war 1. Think about it. The Austro-Hungrian army was a depleted force after the first 5 months of the war, as it had lost 2/3 of its men by then including all its elite infantry such as the Kaiserjäger. It only took 3 big battles with Russia (which were lost) and a failed invasion of Serbia to cut off the wings of this army for the rest of the war. The Ottoman empire joined the war a few months later, and everyone expected it to greatly boost the front against Russia by walking up to Ukraine and stand up arms to arms with the Germans and Austrians on the southern flank on the eastern front. But they too were a great dissapointment, just like the Austrians. Instead did Enver Pasha think it was a great idea to walk up the Armenian mountains - which was excellent defensive terrain and difficult to pass logistics wise. 200.000 men froze to death in the winter on top of the cold mountains or got killed by enemy fire. So by 1915 Germany basically had to fight an entire world war almost completly on its own. But yet it was able to defeat Serbia, and Romania, and Russia. It was at the brink of crushing France in 1914, but was forced to move forces to the east to protect Germany because Austro-Hungria failed to protect the eastern flank as promised. And then it nearly destroyed the French army again in 1917, as the French had just done the catastrophic Nivelle offensive with enormous losses, and the entire French army started to mutiny and refused to fight. The officers responded with executions of leaders of the revolt, but nothing helped to stop it. Strangely did Germany never get any intelligence reports of the bad state of the morale of the French army - because had it known how bad it was, then it would likely had launched a final big offensive against it to break the camels back. But in the end would the situation calm down in the French army, after the officers had to give in and promise their men to never again do any offensive operations and stay on the defensive for the rest of the war. The German army also managed to occupy most of Belgium during the war, and the Belgian army never had the numbers to stand up to the German military in this war on its own. And the British army was basically wiped out in 1914. And in the battle of Somme it suffered perhaps the worst day in British military history. Tanks won some terrain, but German auftragstaktik and stosstroppen managed to beat back the attack and take back all lost terrain, plus some more land. Also Italy was beaten back by the Germans in this war. So almost by its own had Germany managed to defeat all of Europe. One can speculate about the reasons for this if it was because they were early to learn the usefulness of uniforms with colors that blended in with the enviroment. Or if it was their heavy emphasis on engineer troops and teaching all its conscripts to often use the spade to dig in. Or if it was their wisdom to retreat in 1914 and build their defensive line on the best terrain on hill tops and such so they could look down on the allied lines and have an overview of the battlefield and see what their enemies were up to and not having to bother as much about rain flooding their trenches - which was a much more common problem for the allies. Its defence it dept with 3 defensive lines (compared to to two for the French and British) was also harder for an enemy to penetrate and saved lives for the defender. Or maybe the German success was because of the german industry, and its advanced chemical industry in particular was very innovative. And that the clock was not ticking in Germany's favor if the war turned into a war of attrition so that Germany was forced to innovate new war winning weapons fast to gain victory. So it was an early user of poison gas, flamethrowers, zeppelins and uboats and other morally objectionable weapons. And it also started to experiment with new types of tactics like the stosstroppen. And those men did also bring much firepower to the frontline. And already as early as 1914 did Bavarian units start to use that concept. And the German wisdom of using mortars gave them a devestating superiority in firepower. And BEF was trashed and its chief John French had a nervous breakdown. And the French army suffered enormous unsubstainable losses. The Germans were fighting heavily outnumbered against 3 Europeans armies at once, plus lots colonial troops... and yet were they winning and their own losses were relativly mild by comparison. So germany did on its own beat Serbia, Russia, Romania, Belgium, Italy, France and Britain plus their colonies before all 4 years of attrition and the arrival of American troops finally wore it down. And I would say that superior artillery fire power and stosstropp tactics were probably the biggest reasons for this.
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  27. " Russian tactics are still the same since WW1, massive artillery bombardment followed by massive troop deployment .... they destroy everything but still lose massive numbers of troops." That was Russian tactics back in 1709 during the battle of Poltava as well. Peter the Great knew that his army sucked and would be beaten in an open battle with the Swedes even if he had a gigantic numerical superiority. So he decided to let his troops dig in and hide behind fortifactions so his low quality troops with low willingness to fight at least had some chance of winning against the Swedes or atleast manage to inflict some heavy losses on them. And the Russian military also had gigantic amounts of artillery, which was particulary effective at close range where they could fire canister shots that was extremely deadly and a single cannon shot could wipe out an entire infantry battallion. Contrary to popular history had Peter the Greats army not improved anything after 9 years of war. It was still a garbage army. And Russian fortifications and reliance on fire power and defensive warfare also points in that direction. The Swedish army was uptil then considered the best in the world. Swedish military tactics was the opposite doctrine. It fought offensive warfare. Instead of attrition and defensive warfare with fire fights, did Swedish warfare base its ideas on blitzkrieg, speed, aggressiveness, shock, and a short artillery and musket bombardment was quickly followed up by an infantry charge with pikes and bayonets that did in 90% of all cases get the enemy line to break apart. It did almost happen at Poltava too, despite the catastrophically bad odds for the Swedes in the beginng of the battle. But Russian numerical superiority and multiple serious strategic mistakes during the day of battle proved too much for the Swedes to recover from... and the Swedish punch into the Russian line could be absorbed and the outnumbered Swedish line of infantry got overwhelmed and the Russians were so many that the left part of the Swedish line could not fight and protect its left flank at the same time, and Russian troops even to encircle it from behind... and from that moment did the Swedish army get destroyed from left to right... So the battle was never won by any skill. And today do the Russian military seem to be the same kind of garbage army that it was 300 years ago.
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  33.  @jorehir  Every economist seems to have their own opinion on this topic. David Landes thinks that Europe always was more prosperous than Asia. While Sinophiles like Kenneth Pommeranz claims that Europe did not get ahead of Asia until the 1800's. Personally I belong to the crowd of economists like Johan Söderberg who claims Asia was more advanced during the middle ages, and then around the 1600's were Europe and Asia on an equal footing, and then did Europe outperform Asia. I think part of Europes strengths was its ability to import foreign technologies and put them to use - like the compass, gun powder, the printing press, paper, foreign crops, etc. But not everything was about the rise of the western world either. Other parts of the world did also decline a bit. Densely populated countries like Egypt was much harder hit by the bubonic plague than Europe on average. The Mongols destroyed irrigation systems in Persia and Mesopotamia and thereby caused so much damage that those places could never recover for centuries. And the world metropol, centre of learning and trade center of the silk road - Bagdad was also completely destroyed by the Mongols who slaughtered about a million people there. But the muslim rulers also had other problems which caused the end of the islamic golden age. Less conquests led to less plunder and profits. And as non-muslims converted to islam was rulers forced to raise taxes on the muslim population to fill the budget holes. Badly maintained terraces meant lower agricultural output, as top soil was blown away with the wind and the ground accumulated salt. Then many farmers switched over to livestock instead - which were an even worse thing for the ecologically sensitive ground in North Africa and the Middle East. And without irrigation did farmlands quickly turn into deserts or wildgrown tropical wetlands - unlike Europe. And unlike Europe was there no other alternative uses for lands when it had been wasted and turned into desert. And MENA countries have always suffered from a shortage of wood. This gave Europeans an advantage as they had more and cheaper wood so they could lower their production costs of making glass, iron/steel/metal, and building ships, windmills, and terraces etc. European goods became cheaper, while muslim goods became more expensive due to timber shortages, and got outcompeted. By the 1600's had the Ottoman manufacturing industry that made glass and textiles started to become out competed in the Mediterranean and unable to keep up its lucrative trade with Italy and South Eastern Europe. And the trade in the Indian ocean was severely disrupted by the Portuguese who tried to blockade the Ocean and create a trade monopoly in it. And this, along with the great distances to America did also pose obstacles for muslim colonization. And when Europeans had found the sea way to India and China did also the volume of trade along the silk road fall - and that meant less trade and less taxes to government coffers. So the muslim governments faced a shortage for tax money from all directions while their small manufacturing base was declining. And products which earlier had been popular - such as spices, fell out of favor and fell in price and became less profitable to sell as European costumers shifted over their interests to products like sugar, coffee and tobacco. The Ottomans had been outplayed economically. But they did however remain a great military power throughout the 1600's until their expansion stopped.
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  37. ​ @cumcumson5661  The Tiger was mechanically reliable but a bit too heavy. It was designed as a breaktrough tank and was good for that role. The Panther was a tank that was mechanically unreliable at the beginning but later on was all those problems sorted out and it had started to become a very good tank. It would also have been mass produced on a large scale if allied bombings had prevented the german industry from doing so. That was also the reason why the Jagdpanther was built in such a low number despite it is generally considered to be the best tank destroyer of the war. And your last point is just braindead russian propaganda. Russia never learns from its mistakes. As David Glantz concluded did russia makes disasterous human wave attacked from the beginning of 1941 til the end of 1945 - with disasterous losses as a result. And even the what is considered the masterpiece of russian warfare: Operation Bagration only had a mediocre tempo of advance with on 20km of territory per day taken - which is hardly blitzkrieg warfare. Russian warfare is and have always been caracterized by slow tempo of advance and heavy losses. That is what russian warfare was like in the Great Northern war. The Seven years war. The Crimean war. World war 1. The winter war. The continuation war. And the war on the eastern front. That russia learn during a war is just BS myths in russian history writing to explain away enormous losses due to incompetent leadership. Peter the Great never learned warfare from the Swedish army so he could beat them at Poltava - because the Swedes did not learn him anything. His army still sucked at Poltava that is why he did not dare to attack the Swedish army despite enormous numerical superiority. Instead he did let his infantry dig in and massed enormous amounts of artillery - two things that are the total opposite of Swedish offensive warfare that did not use artillery because it slowed down the tempo of advance. And this proves that the russian military learned nothing from Sweden. The styles of warfare were completly opposite. And russian infantry is worthless and always has been. The only time it could bite is when it sits in a fortifified defensive position and is supported by much artillery. Then it can inflict some heavy losses on the enemy - like it did at Poltava, Kursk and at the Surovikin line last summer. Otherwise it just suck. And German losses by 1942 had been heavy but Germany could still always field an army of 3-4 million men troughout the war. And as John Mosier points out was 1941 a much more disasterous year for russia than for Germany. Much of russias pre-war production of weapons had been lost and could not be replaced soon, monsters like KV2 had almost gone extinct. The entire russian air force had also been wiped out. German losses had also been heavy but a larger part of its pre-war equipment stocks remained. And German losses in manpower was compensated by more firepower as new weapon systems entered service. Russias enormous equipment losses had on the other hand left the russian military of 1942 weaker than the russian armed forces of 1941. And this trend continued to a lesser extent throughout the war. So had Germany only been fighting a war against russia, and not against the western allies would it been more likely that Germany would have been better at compensating for manpower losses than the Soviet union. Because Germany could compensate for the lack of manpower with more fire power. Now was however Germany forced to fight a 5 front war (in the east, south, west, in the atlantic ocean and the air war over Germany) while russia only had to focus on the war on 1 single front. But despite this much easier situation did russia still nearly lose the war. And in the end was it lend lease help that prevented russia from falling apart in 1944, as American food production and weapons production allowed russia to use their men in the frontline to compensate for all heavy losses, instead of seeing regiments lacking manpower and being forced to send soldiers home to russia to produce food and weapons which would have been in short supply without american aid.
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  47. Both yes and no. I think the Wehrmacht had tonnes of combat experience, and it have gained lots of practical knowledge in its soldier training by passing it on from generation... from Moltkes wars in the 1860s and 1870s til World War 1 to what later became the Wehrmacht. So Germany possessed military traditions that were enormously rich. And with that knowledge how to wage war would the Ukrainian army be amateurs by comparison, no matter how hard they have fought in 2022. But on the other hand... Have European armies slaughtered their defence budgets much, and especially so after the end of the cold war so much of the knowledge stored in the organisations have been lost. Some knowledge do militarys try to maintain by colonial wars in Africa and in the muslim world and anti-piracy operations by the navy. But overall do I think that only USA and Britain got some real fighting done since the modern age. And USA have failed to improve its army since WW2. Its stupid body count doctrine used in Vietnam has not been abandoned and thrown on the scrapheap, and the same idiot officers remained in power after that war as when the war was going on. So the US army have never cleaned up their organisation from such fools. It have not adopted auftragstaktik which the Israelis masterfully used during the six day war. The idea of technowar as James William Gibson talked about had not yet been fully abandoned. And sure can USA still win wars by superior military muscles. But I think it need to use its brains more and try to fight smarter instead of harder.
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