Comments by "" (@neutronalchemist3241) on "Metatron" channel.

  1.  @Jarrodjohn2007  The altimeter had been designed in metric ot give the altitude in feet as given fracion of meter. Any single piece of it had been designed in metric. To the suppliers of any single screw of the Saturn V the designs had been given in metric with tolerances expressed in metric. And they were fine with it, because US industry had no more used imperial measures in designs for decades. In industry it doesn't exist "an inch", it exists 25.4mm. Your car, your vacuum cleaner, Any tool of your toolbox... if it had been made in the last 60 years, had been designed using metric.
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  2. Maybe it had been used that way sometimes, but I don't think it was used like that most of the times. Mind that, if you have the shield on your back, and a projectile (arrow, dart) pierces the shield, it pins you to the shield, and there is no way to intervene. If there is a little space between you and the shield, you are mostly safe even if a projectile pierces it (because it loose speed anyway) .
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  3. Err... no. "Punus" in latin means "Phoenician". Romans literally called those "Phoenician wars". BTW, all of the elephants of Hannibal died in the Battle of Trebia, at the start of the campaign, bar one, that died soon after, before reaching Etruria. We know that Hanno Barca, Hannibal's own brother, outright refused Muttines to act as his co-commander in Sicily, because Muttines was "half African". That's the level of contempt the Barcids had for Africans. Romans didn't mint coins of Hannibal. He was their enemy, you know? But WE HAVE the coins minted by his father, Hamilcar and his brother Hasdrubal during their rule over Spain (and some attributed to hannibal too) and they didn't sport any black trait. Since you are at it, you can look at the Numidian coinage, to see how the Numidians (that were really N. African, not Semites like the Carthaginians) depicted themselves.
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  4. Not really Nubians (pretty rare in the Empire), but Numidians. Numidians were North-Africans. Teutons, Gauls, Brits and Balearic (and Numidians) were readily available, into the empire or at its border. Nubians were far away. It would have been a problem to have "units" of them.
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  5. Slavery had been a major cause, and probably the single major one. Lincoln didn't brought up until about halfway through the war simply because he thought that Northerners would not have gladly fought for it (and the North didn't need to provide a cause, since it had been the South to secede, and not the contrary).
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  6.  @nzrbroadcasting1421  For the North the cause was the secession. States had not the right to secede. The southerners were "rebels", and that's all. For the South, the main cause were the increased limitations on slavery. All the new territories west of Mississippi were free states and that put slave states in minority. By 1858, 17 free states, which included California (1850), and Minnesota (1858), outnumbered the 15 slave states. In mid-1861, with the addition of Oregon (1859) and Kansas (1861), the number of free states had grown to 19 while the number of slave states remained at 15. Washington D.C. formed with land from two slave states, abolished slavery in 1850. The path was quite evident. Lincoln (a known abolitionist) being elected President was the final straw. All the slave states that gave an explanation of the motives of secession, specifically mentioned the plight of the "slaveholding states" at the hands of Northern abolitionists.
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  7. In late medieval - early modern age tournaments weapons were real, and they were the real weapons a knight would have used vs an armored opponent (estocs, warammers, bec de corbins, ecc). Only the courtesy of the opponents and the presence of arbiters that could declare one of them in clear difficulty "prisoner" prevented them to be used in a lethal way.
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  8. No law in Italy prevent to buy and wear a bulletproof vest in any occasion. It's only banned for a civilian to use the specific models issued to the armed forces.
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  9. Probably the scuti weren't that uniform in the real legions either.
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  10. US industry switched to metric decades ago. Nothing designed in the US in the last 60 years has dimensions expressed in imperial. Their dimensions are only "translated" in imperial for the general US public, that doesn't understand metric.
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  11. Actually witch-hunting is a modern-era thing. In medieval era the official doctrine of the Church was that only God could give "powers", and the possibility to call the Devil and obtain something fom him would have seemed hilarious. In Dante's Divine Comedy, for example, there's not a single witch, or a circle for them. The "fortune tellers and magicians" in the 8th circle are charlatans (and punished for that).
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  12. It happened less in Italian (because modern standard italian had been somewhat "manufactured" partly basing it on renaissance Florentine). A modern Italian can stll easily comprehend the Florentine version of Marco Polo's "Il Milione", altough it predates the Canterbury Tales of at least 80 years, and its language is classified as "vulgar" and not "Italian".
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  13.  @davepx1  Inquisition did born to prosecute heretics. Only lately, and quite reluctantly, they started to pay attention to whitchcraft. For medieval scholars, that were practically all ecclesiastics, magic didn't exist. They would have laughed at the idea of someone acquiring powers by making a pact with the devil. Magicians were scammers. The witch hunt started, for both parts, with the Reform. Also, at the start, Inquisition relied only on witness testimony, and forbid torture. Only in 1252 Pope Innocent IV introduced torture in Inquisition trials (to make them more similar to contemporary civilian trials), but under much strictier conditions than those admitted by civilian autorities. IE the defendant should have never risked death or mutilation by torture, and the confession given under torture could not be used in the actual trial. It had to be repeated by the defendant that didn't risk to be tortured again. According to some scholar that looked into the minutes of the trials, torture had been used in less than 1% of the Inquisition trials even after its introduction.
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  14. Yes, but Flavius Josephus talked of the professional legionaries of his times. Those that fought the hellenic wars were still citizen-soldiers.
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  15. No law in italy prevent buying and wearing a bulletproof vest anywere. It's only forbidden to wear the specific models used by the armed forces.
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  16. To make Achilles black is surely not a black guy idea, but to be vocal about the lack of black people in BBC series is. BBC doesn't want to be called racist, so what it does? A series about the Mali Empire? They know it would be a fiasco. For the average BBC viewer it's not interesting, because they are not history buffs, and they are culturally European, so they like "Iliad" (or Victorian age, or 100 years war period...) more. So they do the European history/mith series putting some black guy in one of the main roles and their conscience is clean. It's the problem of having a relevant part of your actual population, that didn't had a part in it's history (apart from subjects of the colonization) until about the last 50 years.
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  17. Many of those would probably be good ideas BUT it seems that BBC thinks there needs to be at least a black actor in one of the main positive roles in every historical drama (so not black Hitler, sorry, a black villain downgrades you on the racistometer. Maybe we'll have a black Churchill). They already put a black actress (Sophie Okonedo) to play the part of queen Margaret of Anjou in "The hollow crown", so a black Churchill is just in the way. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0kO-pVsc3E (notice the magistral "two birds with one stone". Black AND badass woman fighting in armor. I can imagine the high five at BBC when someone came up with the idea).
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  18. Actually there was a minumum height to join the Legion (170 cm), and Vikings were not that tall (the skeletons found are 172cm on average) . The average legionary was easily taller than the average Viking.
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  19. The divinity of Jesus is already clearly stated in John 1 (end of first century, early second at the latest), and already in the didache (same period) the baptism is in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. in second century, a century before this inscription, there was already no real debate about the divinity of Christ (contrary to popular belief, not even Arians doubted about that).
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  20. So you are one of those that believes nowadays N. Africans aren't black because they had been invaded by Arabs. I have a bridge to sell you.
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  21. A loose sheath defies the purpose of wearing the sword on the back (that would be, IE, to run with your sword without hindrance). Being the sword heavy, with a loose sheat the bearer will have the sword hanging on his flank and hitting it after few steps.
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  22. Yeah, bit if the strap is loose enough to let the sheat rotate, then the sheat with the sword into it will rotate to reach the lowest place as you move, because it's the heaviest part of the system.
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  23. That, as said, kinda defies the purpose of wearing the sword on the back to be more comfortable while doing other things. Mind that already the celtic suspension system allowed to run with the sword on the hip without hindrance. https://ambatii.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/disegno-sospensoria1.jpg https://ambatii.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/disegno-sospensoria2.jpg
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  24. With the celtic system the sheat is always vertical if seen from the front and ortogonal to the hip if seen from the side. The problem is that it works only until a certain lenght of the sword.
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  25. Actually in many European countries the percentage of people owning a gun is not that different from that of the US.
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  26. In this list economy is not considered, but the helmets of the common footsoldiers have to be cheap, so possibly built in a single piece. The most advanced single piece helmets are the single piece sallet and the barbute.
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  27. Still the most realistic depiction of the legion way of fighting ever filmed...
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  28.  @danytalloen  Not only the linen, but also the image surely existed one hundred years before the birth of Leonardo. There 's no trace of those chemical compounds in the shroud, and it couldn't have been washed after the process, because the blood was there before the image.
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  29. And, actually, Columbus never called the Native Americans "Indians". When he reached the Caribbeans, he believed to have reached a group of islands east of Japan (because in his map there was no space for a continent at that latitude), so it would have been silly to call the inhabitants "indians". When, in his third voyage, he reached South America, he immediately recognised it was a continent (because the rivers were too big to came from an island) and a new one, (because at that latitude he couldn't still have reached east Asia), and called it "Paria". The name stood on European maps for decades, before being replaced by "America". Today it only indicates the Gulf of Paria, where he landed. So, had the Native Americans been called after Columbus, they would be called "Parians".
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  30. Today Pyrrhus is known fot the therm "Pyrrhic victory", because he had one at Ausculum versus the Romans, but at the time he was considered the best general came out of the Wars of the Diadochi, and one of the best ever, even at the level of Alexander. He also wrote several books on the art of war, that deeply influenced later generals (IE Hannibal).
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  31. He gave you the exact translation of Daniel, and you are still quoting King James version?
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  32.  @Jeremiahmillan  There are many contemporary portraits of James, as well as portraits of both of his parents and of several relatives of him. He was not black. It's pretty sad to see black people that consider their own history so uninteresting, that feels compelled to hijack that of other people.
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  33.  @Jeremiahmillan  There are many contemporary portraits of Charles II, as well as portraits of both of his parents and of several relatives of him. He was not black. Nor was black any Stewart before him. "Stewart" is a corruption of "steward" (then a high officer), and had been first used by Walter Stewart (1204-1246), 3rd High Steward of Scotland, who was the third member of the family to hold the position. It's pretty sad to see black people that consider their own history so uninteresting, that feels compelled to hijack that of other people.
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  34.  @Jeremiahmillan  Bible blabbering is not doing you any favour. Only makes you seem a nut without arguments. You should really study more of real history of black people.
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  35. ​ @Jeremiahmillan  The Tanakh (Ebrew bible, eroughly coinciding with the Christian Old Testament), is a collection of fairy tales with some insert of real historical characters, written by a semitic people between 6th and 2nd century BC. Citing it doesn't have more scientific value than citing Conan the Barbarian. Jesus is a character of the New Testament. Documents written in Greek during late 1st century, and it's not about him being the son of some god that the video is about.
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  36. In France there were the "franc archer" that came to number at about 22.000 men. However their perfomances in actual battles had been so abysmal that they were normally used as laughing stocks in satires since 15th century. In Italian records on battles and sieges not only archers but even mounted archers are cited, owever they almost disappeared with the end of 13th century (with the 1284 naval Battle of Meloria marking the prevalence of Genoese crossbowmen over the Livornese archers), with the notable exception of Venetian archers, that were quite famous and still used to great extent and effectiveness until the end of 15th century, when they had been replaced by arquebusiers.
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  37. Mind that the rotella and heater shield became popular when waraxes, warhammers, maces and similar weapons were at the peak of their popularity.
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  38. On the other hand, no law in Italy prevent to buy and wear a bulletproof vest in any occasion. It's only banned for a civilian to use the specific models issued to the armed forces.
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  39.  @markfergerson2145  I did.
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  40. Once you have wood for cooking, you have wood for warming some water and clean yourself "in pieces". A bath is relaxing, but you don't need more than a bucket of somewhat warm water to get clean.
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  41. Antlers. Now available in your local forest.
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  42. The vast majority of Christians were trinitarians before Nicaea. Already in the didachè baptism was in name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, and John 1 (end of 1st century, early 2nd century at the latest) already clearly states the divinity of Christ. Constantine was only interested in ending the turmoils among Christians in his empire, and obviously, at Nicaea, the belief of the majority won.
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  43. Provided he still had fingers to hold the axe after the first blow. Scutums were used in gladiator games, by some of the most successfull classes (Samnite, Murmillo and Secutor). They were not useless in 1v1 fight.
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  44. Sorry, but the Italian genetic picture is crystallized at pre-Roman times: Celtic-Ligurian north-west, Rhaeto-Venetian north-east, Italo-Etruscan center, Italo-Greek south, Greek-Italic extreme south, isolated Sardinia. The Romans of old were no different than the inhabitants of today Rome.
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  45.  @d.t.5400  Sorry, but you are wrong.
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  46.  @MrCoryMack  I don't know what you are referring about, and it has little to do with Mediterranean populations. If with "of old" you intend historical perods. Pretty much they are the same. That's not even a scientific theory. It's a fantasy. Fact is that the Italian genetic picture is crystallized at pre-Roman times: Celtic-Ligurian north-west, Rhaeto-Venetian north-east, Italo-Etruscan center, Italo-Greek south, Greek-Italic extreme south, isolated Sardinia. The Romans of old were no different than the inhabitants of today Rome. That's what genetic studies say. When we really get down to it "races" do not exist, but the etnicity of the inhabitants of the Italian peninsula from pre-roman period until now is the one I stated.
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  47.  @MrCoryMack  That's another fantasy. Not genetically, sorry. "Race" is a construct you like to use to differentiate people. "Cherokee or Comanches" are not mediterranean populations, sorry. That "Africans were involved in every society" (obviously in a fundamental role) is't actually a pretty sad delusion of people that consider black people's history not interesting enough, and so feel the need to hijack other ones.
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  48.  @MrCoryMack  Your opinion doesn't change the fact the Italian genetic picture is crystallized at pre-Roman times: Celtic-Ligurian north-west, Rhaeto-Venetian north-east, Italo-Etruscan center, Italo-Greek south, Greek-Italic extreme south, isolated Sardinia. The Romans of old were no different than the inhabitants of today Rome. You are entitled of your own opinion, not of you own reality.
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  49. A more fitting example would have been Matilda of Tuscany. She effectively led her army, and ultimately defeated the Emperor Henry IV.
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  50. Common occurrence. Also Dustborn seemed like a parody of progressive positions (that real lefties didn't like at all. No, really, the first decision in the game leads to you ki||ing a pair of cops that didn't do you anything, in a car accident, without you even looking back?). The devs of those games are zealots that want to chastise "their own" first. They are bigots.
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