Hearted Youtube comments on Extra History (@extrahistory) channel.
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This video did a great job at describing the conditions imposed upon Ireland at the time. A few points left though:
Some penal laws were still in place under different names. They also included limiting of the Irish language to the point it nearly died out. They were also expanded in new ways during the famine.
The limited aid sent to Ireland was actually used as leverage to gain even more land. If someone wanted to avail of food aid they had to do one of two things: farmers had to give up their tiny strips of land and keep only 1/5 of an acre, essentially meaning after food aid was gone they would die. This was because of Malthusian economic thought at the time proclaimed this as just. This allowed the British to consolidate even more control over Ireland.
The other option for urban working poor was work houses. They could not farm so they had to make use of the limited aid which required them to work in work houses. Families were separated, disease was rampant, the diet was terrible and many never left. Families were destroyed by this and was another way of making the Irish population dependent on the English government to suppress rebellion.
The Ottomans organised 2000 tonnes of aid to be sent to Ireland, and although some saw this as a political move to anger the British, most of it was actually collected from the poor in the ottoman empire who had heard of the Irish plight and had sympathy for them. The British didn't allow the food to come into Ireland and threatened to sink their ships.
The English purposely created conditions that would allow a famine to destroy Ireland. Given the land laws, potatoes were the only option. The English wanted to exterminate the Irish and take their land but wanted to make use of their labour too, so they struck the balance with these laws and conditions which in a way...kind of resembles an island wide gulag or concentration camp. Death as the end goal but making use of their labour in the meantime.
The topic of the famine being a genocide is hotly debated today, however the UN definitions of genocide actually define the famine as a genocide. Because the English intentionally created the conditions for it to happen, it kind of is a genocide. After a smaller famine in the 1700s, they changed the laws further to worsen the effects of a future famine. This added with their apathetic response and literal rejection of outside aid means they exacerbated it too, taking advantage of a situation they could remedy, and using it as a genocidal tool. By definition of this UN convention, the famine was indeed a genocide for which the English government has not officially apologised for. There are appeals being issued in international courts to make them acknowledge it as a genocide and possibly even pay reparations. India are going through something similar in relation to their famine in the twentieth century.
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