Comments by "Oblithian" (@Oblithian) on "Engineering Explained"
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1. No it is not always best, we will go to 2 and then come back.
2. As answered above, generally acceleration in lower gears is more efficient due to mechanical advantage in gearing. At higher gears you have less torque so you must dump more fuel in to produce the torque needed to increase the speed (then there's also engine and drivetrain momentum).
(Back to 1) So when you are accelerating or will need to accelerate and you are in a high gear, you are wasting a lot of fuel due to the increased load. However, cruising on a flat surface you want a higher gear (eventually there are diminishing returns) because at lower gears your engine's speed must be much higher to maintain that speed (engine speed is related to, though not the exclusive determinate of fuel use). You want to seek the balance point where the engine is spinning as slow as possible, while doing as little work as possible for the given speed (if you plotted them on a line graph you would find an intersect). If you look at torque curves your engine's torque will sharply increase after a certain rpm. If you let the rpms drop too low the torque will be bellow that which is needed to maintain your speed and the engine will stall. If you are "lugging the engine" as described, you are pushing it to the limit of what it can do, and that makes your engine sad, and everyone else angry.
Forced induction changes the curves so it will affect where the point of maximum fuel efficiency is , otherwise it is largely the same theory.
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